A Sample Destination Analysis

I. Destination Analysis 1. Transportation The Banaue rice terraces are located in the mountainous  North central region of Luzon Island. While Banaue town is only 350 km from Manila, if it were in the lowlands, this route is about 8-9 hours because it’s a two-lane highway with many switchbacks in the mountains. And if you travel by air from Clark’s airport is a bit complicated. One option is to hop on a bus to Baguio right at the Clark’s Airport, and catch a bus to Banaue early the next day (unless you can catch the last evening bus at 9:30 p. m. ). Or you can take a bus to Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija also at the  Clark Airport, catch a bus to Cagayan Valley (Tuguegarao, Cagayan or Isabela) in Cabanatuan and get off at Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. From Solano, you can easily find transportation to Banaue. The third option is to take a bus to Manila and catch the bus to Banaue from there. From Manila, Banaue is 333 km. North along Maharlika Highway passing the provinces of Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Cabanatuan and San Jose cities. There are air conditioned buses from Manila going direct to Banaue. A guest can have a comfortable ride and in some cases, a good sleep if he takes the evening schedule. In the morning after a nine-hour travel and intermittent sleep, he would be awakened to the magnificent view of the rice terraces. Important tips for our visitors coming from Banaue to Uhaj The Banaue-Uhaj road is 70% concreted and 30% still unsurfaced and may be difficult for low profile vehicles to use at times, we  recommend you use an SUV vehicle or the alternative when you’re coming using an ordinary car is to park downtown in Banaue Hotel parking and if it’s two adults or three adults you can get a tricycle from Banaue Hotel to Uhaj ,If you are in a van and have 4 people or more you could hire a jeepney at a cost of around 900 Pesos. The journey takes 40 mins. You can get jeepneys going to Hapao in the afternoon between 4 and 6 pm from Banaue they will drop outside our lodge at a cost of approximately 25 pesos per person. You can get jeepneys in the morning from Uhaj to Banaue from 5:30 am-7:30 am at a cost of 25 pesos per person. Travel time Because travel time from Manila by the overnight bus   can be a tiring   9 hrs. journey. On your arrival at Native Village Inn that day you may well feel like just relaxing for most of that day. What we are advising is that it takes time to visit the beauty spots   in the Banaue area. So we recommend staying at least two nights at Native Village Inn. As you can use our place as a base from which you can do your tours and trekking in the UNESCO world heritage rice terraces. We suggest the above for a reason that you don’t get totally   stressed out trying to do everyday in one day and believe us it’s not possible. Route going from Manila to Banaue by Private Transportation. Head for the Northern Luzon Expressway (NLEX)transfer onto (SCTEX) just near Dau. Stay on the SCTEX till the toll at the very end. After the toll turn right (not left) to LA PAZ, then ZARAGOZA, TALAVERA, SAN JOSE, STA. FE , SOLANO, LAGAWE, BANAUE. Banaue hotel is half a kilometer before Banaue town centre on your right side. as you pass Banaue hotel on the right side take the next left. Half a kilometer (road going to bontoc and viewpoint). Then take next left again one and a half kilometers (this is the road to Hapao, Hungdugan). Stay on that road for another seven kilometers, taking the left fork always. We are quarter kilometer past the village oh Uhaj on the right side. By bus Getting to Banaue directly might take a lot of effort if you're not taking a direct route from  Manila  or if you don't have a tour agency to help you. Here are few possible ways to get to Banaue — Manila  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Banaue  (direct), * Ohayami Trans,  Lacson Ave. cor. Fajardo St. , Sampaloc, Manila  (Just near University of Sto. Tomas or take the train from the Legarda Station then just take a trickshaw to the terminal),  ? +63 927 649 3055, +63 917 561 7344, +63 2 516-0501,  Provides trips directly to Banaue. They have three daily trips – 21:00, 21:45 and 22:00 leaving their terminal in Manila and taking 9-10  hrs  ? 450. * Manila  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Baguio  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Banaue, * Ohayami Trans,  Otek St. , Burnham Park, Baguio City  (within Chowking area),  8 hrs. Provides trips from Baguio to Banaue. They have two daily trips – 20:00, 21:00  ? 360. * KMS,  Near Rizal Park, Baguio City,  ? 09159471440. 7 hrs. Provides a mini-bus trip from Baguio to Banaue. They have two daily trips: 08:00 and 21:30. ?400. The first may be a good choice if you don't like overnight buses or want to enjoy the very scenic drive during the day. Manila  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Baguio  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Bontoc  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Banaue. There are jeepneys going from Bontoc to Banaue and even Sagada to Banaue during peak season or holidays. Manila – Solano, Nueva Vizcaya – Banaue ifugao  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ buses heading to Tuguegarao (e. g. Baliwag transit, Victory,Florida transport inc. , etc. pass by the town of Solano. Several jeepneys ply the Solano-Banaue route or the Solano-Lagawe, Ifugao route. From Lagawe, one can then take another jeepney to Banaue. Manila – Tarlac – Solano – Banaue  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ buses heading for Baguio pass by Tarlac. Vizcaya liner plies the Tarlac-Solano ro ute at 05:00. By car The distance between the Balintawak Cloverleaf, in north Manila at the beginning of the North Luzon Expressway and the  Welcome to Banaue  sign, is about 332  km. The road is paved all the way to Banaue. Travel time can be as long as 9  hr due to the several blind curves through the mountains. Best day to travel is on good Friday of Lenten season, Christmas day and new year's day. It will take about 7  hr only by car with a reliable driver. Jeepneys (converted jeeps/bus) and tricycles (trikes) (little motorcycles with side cars) are easily available around Banaue. Vans can be hired with driver/guide. Expect to hike some to great places to see that are not on the roads. There is a public jeepney plying the Banaue-Batad (Saddle-point) (start of trek to  Batad  village) route daily What if all the direct buses to Banaue are already full? 1. Then ride the Ohayami Trans bus going to Kiangan via Lagawe. . Go down at Lagawe, Ifugao. 3. Take a  jeep from   Lagawe to Banaue. Ohayami Trans Bus to Kiangan via Lagawe Schedule:  9:30 PM ETA Lagawe:  5:30 AM Fare to Lagawe:  400 Pesos per person – one-way Jeep from Lagawe to Banaue are available from early in the morning Fare:  37 Pesos per person – one-way Travel Time:  1 hour to 1 hour 30 minutes. You can topload at the jeep from Lagawe to Banaue. What if even the buses to Kiangan via Lagawe are already full? 1. Go to  Florida Bus Lines  or  Victory Liner  in  Sampaloc  and ride the bus going toCagayan Valley/Tugegarao. The buses will pass by Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. Fare is 335 Pesos per person. Travel Time is 5-6 hrs. For Victory Liner Schedule visit  here. There are also Victory Liner Buses leaving to Cagayan Valley/Tugegarao from their Kamias Terminal. 2. Go down at Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. 3. Ride jeepney from Solano to Lagawe, Ifugao. (67 Pesos per person, 2hrs 40mins travel time) Available from early in the morning. 4. Ride jeepney from Lagawe to Banaue, Ifugao. (37 Pesos per person, 1hrs 30mins travel time) Available from early in the morning. How to go back to Manila from Banaue Ride the Ohayami Bus Lines from Banaue to Manila. Schedule:  6:45PM and 7 PM Travel Time:  9 hours – 3:45AM and 4AM Fare:  450 Pesos per person – one-way. When you arrive at Banaue it is better to reserve your ticket going back to Manila at the Ohayami ticketing booth. You can also do the online reservation via bank deposit. How to Get to Sagada from Manila via Banaue It is good to take this route especially if you are planning to take in the majesty of Banaue Rice Terraces in Ifugao povince, whether from a view point  en route  to Sagada or if you are planning to stay for a day or two to xplore the place. And let me tell you at this point that shopping for furniture and wood carvings in Banaue is fantastic, so you may want to think about staying a little longer. Many folks, especially those bringing their cars, take the Manila-Baguio-Sagada-Banaue-Manila route or do the reverse, going up via Banaue and down via the City of Pines. The good news is, although tr avel time is pretty long, passing through the Philippines countryside is a lovely learning experience and a pretty relaxing ride. This section will deal with the tricky aspect of getting to Sagada from Manila via Banaue. Tricky because there are limited rides from place to place. But all-in-all, it's a pretty cheap vacation and great for backpackers and adventure travelers. Manila-Banaue-Sagada First, let me give you an idea of the locations of Baguio, Sagada and Banaue in relation to each other and Manila. Baguio (located within Benguet province) is on the northwestern side of Luzon while Banaue, Ifugao is   accessible via travel on the northeastern side of Luzon and Sagada, is in between. All three places are north of Manila. Thus one can access Sagada both from the east (Banaue, Ifugao) and the west (Baguio/Benguet). Each route will entail more or less the same combined travel time. Step 1. Manila to Banaue There are daily bus trips from Manila to Banaue that leave at 10:00 p. m. , with tickets costing a reasonable Php600 per person. The transit companies plying this route are Autobus and Dangwa Tranco, and both have terminals in Sampaloc, Manila. The trip from Manila to Banaue lasts nine (9) hours with regular stops along the way for meals and personal necessities. The schedule is designed so that one sleeps through most of the trip, arriving in Banaue just in time to catch the jeepney to Sagada. The bus makes regular stops every 2 hours for meals, snacks and personal necessities. Since it is a long trip, these would be good occasions to stretch your legs. Since there ‘s nothing much one can see at night, this is a good time to get some rest as the journey from Manila to Sagada is pretty long, if you're not stopping over to stay in Banaue. Make sure to bring a blanket or some light covering that you can fold away, like a shawl to keep you warm and comfy. Arrival in Banaue is at around 7:00 a. m. nd it is suggested that if you are planning to return to Manila through Banaue and not Baguio, purchase a return ticket as soon as you get off at the terminal. Step 2. Banaue to Sagada At the Banaue bus terminal there are jeepneys, and sometimes mini-buses or vans,   waiting to take passengers to Sagada. The jeepney ride costs about Php250 per person, and it takes another 3 to 4 hours to get to Sagada. The jeepneys will only go to Sagada when there are at least four (4) passen gers. Should you be traveling in a small group, you can hire it exclusively, but it will always be nice to share the ride others to save on costs. The jeepney will usually make two stops: at a highway restaurant for meals and a Banaue Rice Terraces view point that you will not want to miss. This will be a wonderful opportunity to have your photo taken with some Ifugao natives in their traditional dress. To do this, one must obtain their   permission first, and please know that it is customary to leave a Php20. 00 tip per person for this purpose. Should you leave Banaue at 8:00 you will get arrive in Sagada at around noontime, which is perfect for a quick lunch before checking in into your hotel. Alternatively, from Banaue, one can ride the lone jeepney that heads for Bontoc, the capital of Mountain Province. These can be found at the public market in Banaue and you can get to the market via tricycle. Make sure to get there before 9:00 a. m, so you don't miss it. And from Bontoc you can take another jeepney to Sagada, which takes about 1. 5 hours. 2. Facilities Native Village Inn is a popular choice amongst travelers in Baguio / Banaue, whether exploring or just passing through. The hotel has everything you need for a comfortable stay. Facilities like coffee shop, restaurant, tours, concierge, pets allowed are readily available for you to enjoy. Non smoking rooms, shared bathroom, balcony/terrace can be found in each guestroom. Recuperate from a full day of sightseeing in the comfort of your room or take advantage of the hotel's recreational facilities, including garden. It classifies itself as a 2 star hotel. The Hotel Facilities are: Car Park, Coffee Shop, Concierge, Restaurant and Garden. The Room Facilities: Balcony/terrace, Non smoking rooms, shared bathrooms. The Uhaj Native Village Inn is perch 1,250 meters above sea level in Uhaj, Banaue Ifugao. Approximately nine (09) kilometers away from Banaue town proper, this facility is an exciting thirty minutes drive away from Poblacion Banaue via the seemingly unending winding roads to Hapao, Ifugao. An ideal base for rice terraces trekkers, the Native Village Inn also offers breathtaking views of the Hapao Rice Terraces. As it beckons you to experience the serenity of staying in an original native Ifugao cottage, the place can also pamper you with great natural mountain sceneries. The facilities and services: the handicrafts and furniture, food and services and the communication facilities. Sanafe Lodge and Restaurant They have best and largest view deck and this is a great place to have a beer, or any other drink. From their verandah restaurant, there is a panoramic view of the local rice terraces dotted with structure ranging from native huts to absurd looking buildings more suited to a Disneyland theme park. Sanafe’s food is disappointing and their service worse. Order drinks in advance before you need them, and eat somewhere else. People’s Lodge and Restaurant Their view deck is a narrow verandah which can seat about 10 people, but it is a squeeze to get in and out. There are many more tables inside. The verandah is certainly a nice place to sit and have a beer or a meal. The view is almost the same as that which you will see from Sanafe. The service is a bit slow but the food is OK – I have eaten here countless times. Uyami’s Green View Lodge Their food is great and so is the service. There is no verandah so the view can only be enjoyed by looking out through the window. Some of the meals I had here in January 2010 were Tinolang Manok with rice (chicken cuts with vegetables in a ginger flavored soup) – P110; curry and rice – P80; sauteed leafy vegetables – P50; all very delicious. Accommodation The peak season is the Christmas/New year period and the Easter week (holy week) and some guest houses may charge more over those two weeks – ask when you book. People’s Lodge and Restaurant It is located right in the heart of town and this is where I normally stay. The last time was in January 2010. Because the rooms are at the back of the building, they are generally quiet, unless you have noisy neighbors. The rooms are typical backpacker type – old, very basic, but clean enough. All except for a few rooms have private bathrooms with hot showers. These showers fluctuate between many temperature ranges during a single wash but that is still much better than a cold shower. Sanafe Lodge and Restaurant Their new rooms are the nicest I have seen in town and the decor reflects good taste in interior design – very unusual to see in this part of the world. Some of the new rooms have nice views over the rice terraces also. I did notice a musty smell in the rooms though and I was told it was because they have been newly painted – it could be why? There are also budget rooms available, which are OK, but I think there is better value in town. Sanafe is right in the center of town. Banaue Hotel This is a large hotel complex with 81 rooms, a 200 seat restaurant and an outside swimming pool. It is the only hotel type accommodation that you are going to find anywhere in the Ifugao province. It is government owned and run and has some of the hallmarks of a hotel run by a bureaucracy short on funds. I assume it is not very profitable. I was told in January 2010, that there was no internet at the hotel because they didn’t have the budget for it yet. That is surprising given it costs P999 a month for a SmartBro Wi-Fi connection and a few thousand pesos for a router. The rooms are quite spacious but definitely not modern. The hotel was built in 1974 with a second wing added some time later. The carpets and soft furnishes show stains and wear but not enough to put you off. The restaurant looks nice and has some good views, but I have not eaten there so I can’t comment on the food – but no one has ever recommended it to me in all the years I have been coming to Banaue. Banaue Youth Hostel This hostel is run by the same government department as the Banaue Hotel and it is on the same grounds. The dormitories are neat and clean, but from what I saw, not popular with the tourists. I hear that they are mostly used by groups of students. If you are traveling alone, it may be a good option because the cost is very low. Uyami’s Green View Lodge Their rooms are nice, simple and clean, but a bit dark because of the dark timber used throughout – definitely worth a look though. The woody feel about the place may be more to your liking than People’s Lodge. I have not stayed here, but I like the food in their restaurant. Uyami’s Green View Lodge is in the center of town and only 50 meters down the road from People’s Lodge. FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS (Accredited) Name of Establishment| Address| Specialty| Hidden Valley Food Haus| Ilogue, Tam-an, Banaue| Filipino Dishes| TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES Company name Destination Departure Travel Time Fare Address/Tel. No. Schedule Reg. Dangwa Tranco Banaue-Baguio 7:00 am 8 hrs. P190. 00 7:00 p. m. 8hrs. P190. 00 Dangwa Tranco Banaue-Manila 7:00 am 9 hrs. P180. 00 Cubao, Quezon City Manila-Banaue 7:30 am 8 hrs. P210. 00 Terraces Transport Kiangan-Baguio 5:00 p. m. 10 hrs. P180. 00   Kiangan, Ifugao Baguio-Kiangan 7:00 p. m. P180. 00 Ohayami Trans Lagawe-Baguio 5:00 p. m. 8 hrs. P180. 00 Jeepneys Solano-Banaue P45. 00 Lagawe-Banaue P20. 00 MISCELLANEOUS SHOPPING CENTER/STORE ADDRESS Banaue Trade Center Lailanie’s Furniture Shop Banaue, Ifugao Sta. Maria Alfonso Lista, Ifugao Binwihan’s Basketry Lo-Hana Handicrafts Trade Center Banaue O-ong, Hingyon, Ifugao BJ Handmade Paper ; Pulp Lourdes Curio Shop Lagawe, Ifugao Cababuyan, Hingyon, Ifugao Brookside Furniture ; Handicrafts Lovinia’s Furniture Shop Maituo Lagawe, Ifugao Sta. Maria, Alfonso Lista, Ifugao Buhle’s Garments Maphod Weaving Hingyon, Ifugao Amganad, Banaue Camp 7 Ever Manual Marby’s Handicrafts Trade Center Banaue, Ifugao Hapao, Hungduan, Ifugao Dumangeng Handicraft ; Furniture Matanglag Bronze Smith Amganad, Banaue, Ifugao Manglag, Banaue, Ifugao Easter’s Handicrafts Pnkihan’s Ethnic craft Banaue, Ifugao Poblacion, Banaue Elnora’s Clothing Center Pinto Furniture Shop Piwong, Hingyon, Ifugao Pinto, Alfonso Lista, Ifugao Elvira Wood Industry Romalyn Woodcarving Kiangan, Ifugao Hingyon, Ifugao Goodwill Handicrafts Wild Wings Jusfa Poblacion West, Lagawe Kinakin, Banaue, Ifugao J ; E Handicrafts Worwor Handicrafts Hapao, Hungduan, Ifugao Banaue, Ifugao Kimmayong Primitive Products ; Handicrafts COMMUNICATION FACILITIES Name of Establishment Address JRS Lagawe, Ifugao POST OFFICE All Municipalities Telecommunications All Municipalities Municipal Telephones All Municipalities except Tinoc and Asipulo Medical Facilities Name of Institution| Address| Ifugao Provincial Hospital| Natuwolan, Lagawe| Mayoyao District Hospital| Mayoyao| Goodnews Clinic| Banaue, Ifugao| Lamut District Hospital| Panopdopan, Lamut| Tinoc District Hospital| Tinoc| EDUCATIONAL CENTER Ifugao Collge of Arts and Trades| Lagawe| Ifugao State College of Agriculture and Forestry| Nayon, Lamut| BANKS Name of Bank| Address| Services Offered| Philippine National Bank| Lagawe, Poblacion|  · Savings/time deposit  · Telegraphic transfers  · Change foreign currency| Land Bank of the Philippines| Lagawe, Ifugao|  · Savings/time deposit  · Telegraphic transfers  · Change foreign currency| Banaue Cooperative Bank| Banaue, Ifugao|  · Savings deposit  · loans| Tourism Oriented Organizations Ifugao Provincial Tourism Council Mrs. Herminigilda Dulinayan Chairperson C/o Provincial Capitol Lagawe, Ifugao Municipality| Name| Address| Alfonso Lista| Glen Prudencio| Municipal Hall, Alfonso Lista| Banaue| Estelita De Leon| Sanafe Lodge, Banaue| Lagawe| Erlinda Habawel| C/o Municipal Hall, Lagawe| Kiangan| Manuel Dulawan| C/o Municipal Hall, Kiangan| Mayoyao| Corazon Montinig| C/o Municipal Hall, Mayoyao| . Infrastructure LAGAWE, Ifugao:  The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)-First District Engineering District is working overtime in the implementation of infrastructure projects amounting to P120,661,000 for Fiscal Year 2012 before rains pour down by next month. District Engineer Alberto Gahid explained that the asphalt overlay along Nueva Vizcaya-Ifugao-Mt. Province boundary road is allocated P1,866,000; allocation for the rehabilitation/reconstruction/upgrading of damaged paved national roads is at P54,163,000 and the road upgrading along Banaue-Hungduan-Benguet Boundary Road gets P64,632,000. The First Engineering District covers the national road from Lamut to Banaue and Hungduan. The second district covers Banaue to Alfonso Lista national road. Gahid believes that the said infrastructure projects will help boost the economic situation of the people. Most common problems encountered were: slippery and dangerous mountain trails, lack of security, no first aid assistance, dirty drainage canals and lack of printed materials about Banaue. Wednesday, May 9, 2012 KIANGAN, Ifugao — The World Heritage Committee (WHC) recently released the infrastructure guidelines for the Ifugao Rice Terraces to address issues covering its structure, houses, roads, dams, bridges and adjunct structures. Copies of the guidelines were distributed to the six affected barangays and stakeholders involved in the preservation, protection and maintenance of the terraces, which is enshrined in the World Heritage List by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco). The Kiangan Municipal Tourism Council was also given a copy to spearhead the dissemination of the guidelines. Municipal Tourism Officer Eulalie Dulnuan said since this is a cultural landscape, the realms of anthropology, architecture, engineering and environmental ethics were assessed and incorporated and the resulting infrastructure guidelines specified in the publication considered the changing needs of the communities and attempted to find sustainable solutions to contemporary problems. The infrastructure guidelines for the rice terraces was the result of the collaborative project between the University of Santo Thomas Center for the Conservation of Cultural Property in the Tropics, the National Commission for Culture and Arts, Ifugao Provincial Government and the Unesco. Unesco noted for years now, the Ifugao Rice Terraces has been hailed for its beauty and grandeur and as a national treasure considered the 8th Wonder of the World even prior to its inclusion among the World Heritage Sites in 1995. But beyond its grand design and beauty, studies have uncovered the terraces is a complex system going beyond structure and aesthetics and to understand the treasure that is the rice terraces is to understand a people’s mindset, culture and traditions linked to the logic of the terraces’ architecture and engineering. This interdependence between culture and design, life ways and structure, functions and form has led to its classification as a â€Å"cultural landscape, which are sites that are combined works of nature and man and illustrative of the evolution of human society and settlements over time under the influence of physical constraints and or opportunities presented by their natural environment and of successive social, economic and cultural forces both external and internal. This complex system and way of life that sustained the existence of the terraces for two millennia were important considerations in addressing the terraces’ present state of degradation and the UNESCO cited the terraces are in extreme danger because all the intertwined factors conserving the delicate balance of culture and nature expressed in this powerful landscape are extremely stressed by 20th century demands on tribal life. Thus the issue for terraces is mainly a question not only of preservation but of sustainability with the onslaught of change and contemporary realities which threaten the delicate balance of the terraces system leading to grave damages and in which the infrastructure guidelines seek to address. The project to come up with the infrastructure guidelines began with a monthly lecture-workshop series in 2009 which provided a forum for dialogue among the stakeholders which tackled the four major areas directly affecting the infrastructure of the terraces namely: anthropology, engineering, architecture and end environmental ethics. It is one of the requirements to facilitate the reclassification of the rice terraces from the World Heritage in Danger List to the standard World Heritage List and also serve to supplement the Conservation and Management Plan submitted to the UNESCO which addresses the components of bio-physical, socio-cultural and support systems. The lecture-workshop also documented the indigenous knowledge shared by the Ifugao experts and participants to enable a clear and accurate translation of the working paradigms practiced in the four terraces clusters in Ifugao located in the municipalities of Kiangan, Banaue, Hungduan and Mayoyao because they share similar issues to be addressed. (Dan B. Codamon) 4. Attractions Banaue is the gateway to the UNESCO World Heritage listed Ifugao rice terraces of Northern Luzon. The Banaue environs are visually beautiful, high in the mountains, sometimes shrouded in mist and cool rain. The rice terraces are a fabulous testament to the inspired agricultural engineering of the Ifugao people. Some of these terraces were constructed 2000 plus years ago, and all are still in use today. The best time to go is between February and May end, when it is least likely that the views will be obscured by low level clouds. Tourists come here to enjoy the scenery, to gaze at it from one of the many view points, to trek through it, or to wake up in it. I remember how awed I was by the scale of these rice terraces on my first visit some 10 years ago. I have been to or through Banaue more than 50 times since and often take the scenery for granted now. For me, the pleasure of visiting Banaue is staying in Batad or Bangaan, and waking up in the morning with the view of the terraces through my window – this I can’t tire of. My last visit to Banaue and Batad was in January 2010. For more information about Batad, see my  Batad Travel and Accommodation Guide I don’t particularly like the town of Banaue, and only stay there for an occasional overnight. The town center is ramshackle and ugly, like most towns in the Philippines, but fortunately it is only a tiny blot on this vast landscape. If your time is limited, as is often the case with Filipino tourists or Manila based expats, then the centrality of Banaue makes it a good base while taking in as many sights as possible, especially if you don’t have your own transport. A walk down the road along the valley is a nice thing to do, just for the fresh air and great views of the tangle of   buildings along the main road. On the way back to town, brave the swing bridge. UNESCO describes the Banaue Rice Terraces thus â€Å"The Ifugao Rice Terraces epitomize the absolute blending of the physical, socio-cultural, economic, religious, and political environment. Indeed, it is a living cultural landscape of unparalleled beauty. † This culture that built and maintained the terraces is rapidly disintegrating though, and in 2001, the Ifugao rice terraces were put on the â€Å"List of World Heritage in Danger†. As can be expected, the newer generations of Ifugao’s do not aspire to the toil and hard labor of their ancestors. As a consequence, many of the narrower and low-productive terraces are falling into disrepair. In the future, more and more of the upkeep will be carried out by contract laborers, probably from tourism funding, or the terraces may collapse like a house of cards. Have a look at how narrow some of the terraces are and then imagine how little produce could come from such a tiny strip of land; weigh that up against the amount of backbreaking work required for such a miniscule return. For now the terraces are still in pretty good shape, and you won’t be disappointed with what you see. The Ifugao people were a fierce race. Tribal wars were common and headhunting expeditions between warring tribes were commonplace in years past. Their history has produced a super strong, proud people, quite different in appearance to other provincial peoples – shorter, muscular from a very young age, darker skin tone and broader features. Occasionally one may see an old man or woman in traditional loincloth or tapis shopping at the local market, but for younger people this clothing is reserved for traditional celebrations. Some elders wear the tapis, etc. for photo opportunities with tourists, and for which it is a courtesy to pay – maybe P20 pesos each to the people in this photograph. There is no land ownership around the terraces as such, but only the right to till, plant, harvest and maintain their family plots. Once the family ceases to do this, ‘ownership’ of the land passes to another, be it a neighboring farmer or relative of the original ‘owners’. Souvenir Hunting in Banaue Banaue has always been known for its wood carving and basketry. Over the many years of tourism and collecting, the genuine antiques have disappeared, to be replaced by awful mass-produced tourist items ranging from dried frog key rings to horrible wooden ashtrays. Weaving has become another tourist item suffering from mass production. However, for the adventurous seeker willing to poke around in dark shops and dusty corners, there are still treasures to be found. The Bulol, or rice guard, is found everywhere. Quite recently carved and carefully ‘aged’, some of these pieces would stand up well in a collection of primitive art. Traditional utilitarian items like carved wooden chests, chairs and wooden bowls, fantastically carved doors and panels, are all still available for those who look carefully. Many designs are contemporary, but based on traditional ideas. In one shop I found a 1. 5 meter Dragon Bike – all carved from wood, even the wheels. The craftsmanship was superb and it was designed to be dismantled for transport. It was a functioning bike, relying purely on gravity to move about – otherwise, man power to push. Recently woven basketry is not very good these days, being produced in mass. It is possible to find treasures, as I did, but anything worth buying will come in from outlying villages where the crafts are still practiced traditionally. Knowing what to look for certainly helps. The Family Gift Shop, on the dead end road heading to the Municipal Hall, is big and has a good collection of panels and carved wooden items at the back. Mary Ann C. Tacio Souvenir, on the way up the hill heading out of the very Center of town, had the fabulous bike amongst other interesting things. Ifugao is endowed with historical, cultural, natural and man-made tourist spots and attractions, which can lure any nature-loving tourist. The range of attraction offered in Ifugao is clustered according to municipalities HISTORICAL Philippine War Memorial Shrine (Kiangan) Gigantic memorial shrine to commemorate the end of World War II. It is a concrete pyramid type structure, which resembles an oversized Ifugao native house located at Linda, Kiangan. It depicts historical events from Filipino opposition, to the Death March and the role of the Ifugao and American troops in the defeat of General Yamashita. It could be used as a viewpoint of the Poblacion, other neighboring barangays and the capital town of Lagawe. The shrine is ten (10) kilometers away or 15 minutes drive from the capital town. Million Dollar Hill The hill overlooking the Poblacion of Kiangan. It got its name from the last war when the allied armies spent millions of dollars worth of bombs and ammunitions to annihilate the enemies in the area. General Yamashita's Surrender Site House relics memorializing the end of W. W. II in the Philippines. Details of the surrender and signing are available. From here, General Yamashita was brought to Baguio for his formal surrender to the victorious Allies. Mt. Nagchayan The site where Japanese troops fought fierce battles during W. W. II. The mountain has several grottos stone walled trenches and foxholes. One can also find rusty shells on this old battleground. CULTURAL Ifugao Museum (Kiangan) This museum displays Ifugao artifacts and is under the supervision of the National Museum of the Philippines. It is 32 meters away facing the shrine and 300 meters away from the Municipal Hall. Tam-an Village A typical village situated 240 steps down from the Banaue Hotel's swimming pool. Woodcarving and hand woven products are produced and sold to travelers. Bokiawan Village Twelve (12) kilometers from Banaue located in the center of the Bokiawan rice terraces where traditional Ifugao practices of land use and livelihood still exist. Pula and Cambulo Native Village Is a rustic village in the first leg of the trekking route from Banaue viewpoint to Banga-an. This cobbled stone village offers a native house stay. The ancient craft of bark cloth weaving thrives here. Apfo or Burial Tombs These are large stone mausoleums containing the bones of the town's ancient warriors and elite. The construction of these Igloos represents the resourceful use of Ifugao stoning technique. Makaliwagha & Lebhong Burial Caves Are filled with wood coffins and the remains of the first people of Mayoyao. A legend tells of an attentive lizard leading people to these three chambers designating each one for men, women and children. Lumauig Stone Is a huge enchanted black rock held by only three smaller stones in the middle of the Balangbang river. It is believed to mean that Mayoyao people will stay strong and happy as long as the stone stands. OTHER SCENIC SITES: Bocos Village Poitan Village Batad Village Hapao Village Bangaan Village Ducligan Village These villages are characterized by the presence of a wholesome community where the livelihood activities are within the surroundings, and the houses are clustered in a designated area. They showcase the typical Ifugao community. NATURAL Bintakan Cave (Lagawe) It is located at the rocky slope of Ibulao, which is about 2 kilometers from the provincial capitol. The mouth of the cave is overlooking the Ibulao River. It is a three-room cave with dripping water that forms stalactites and stalagmites of different beautiful shapes. It can be reached by tricycle ride and 20-minute ascent to the mouth of the cave. Nah-toban Cave (Lagawe) The cave is much larger than Bintakan Cave and has a descending entrance with four rooms but there are still other rooms unexplored. It is located at Boliwong, Lagawe, about 4 kilometers hike from the Poblacion passing through trails. Huge quantities of guano are found in the cave. Tocucan Sulfur Hot Spring (Tinoc) A sulfuric hot spring at Barangay Tukukan in the Municipality of Tinoc. This can be reached by a two-hour hike from Monsoyosoy, Buguias, and Benguet. Guihob Natural Swimming Pool (Banaue) A four kilometer drive from Banaue, Poblacion. One has to hop and jump over huge boulders to reach the crystal clear waters of Guihob. It is a perfect place for those who prefer a cool and refreshing swim. Tappiya Waterfalls (Banaue) About 30 minutes from Batad Village is a cascading waterfall with its enormous natural pool for swimming. A visit to Batad would be incomplete without seeing this beautiful waterfall. Buyukan Waterfalls (Hungduan) This can only be reached by a three-hour hike from Poblacion, Hungduan. This is located in Barangay Abatan and is near the border of Hungduan and Tinoc municipalities. Ambuwaya Lake (Kiangan) Legend says that the area was once a large sitio that became a lake because some children killed and made fun of the leeches in the spring. The lake is deep and good for swimming and boating. The shaded surroundings is an ideal place for picnics. It is now the site of a research on fishing culture. The lake is four (4) kilometers from the town center of Kiangan and can be reached by four-wheel drive vehicles. Ducligan Hot Springs (Banaue) These hot springs are found at the bank of Ducligan River and adjacent to a deep pool. Ducligan is 21 kilometers away from the Poblacion. O' phaw Mahencha Falls (Leap of Mahencha) Located about six kilometers from the town proper is a series of high cascading falls. Local folklore says that a beautiful Mahencha had to jump 13 to 5 meters into the water to retrieve her native amber necklace which fell while she was taking a bath. Tenogtog Water Falls Located five kilometers from town, it has three natural pools rising about 12 meters from each other. The water falls from the pool cascades to the next in beautiful succession. Untouched by human hands, these natural pools provide clear cool mountain spring water. Bagnit Waterfalls and Numbungug Waterfalls Are located in Julongan barangay. Bagnit is a stunning series of cascading falls running over 250 feet, while Numbungug Waterfall is a single majestic fall of over 80 feet into height falling to the Ibulao river tributaries. Chuyong Viewpoint Is located near the town proper which affords a panoramic vista of the Mayoyao World Heritage site cluster. The glory of the site is unrivaled. Kibayuyong Stone This is a legendary stone which lies next to the Hapao river. The site offers an adventurous spot for river swimming and diving. Bogya Hot Springs Is located in Ba-ang that lie in the Hapao river which serves as delightful respite after trekking. MAN – MADE Banaue Rice Terraces (Banaue) Dubbed as the Eight Wonder of the World. The rice terraces start from the base of the mountain range and reach up to several thousands feet high. It is said that its length, if put end to end would encircle half of the globe. Made 2,000 years ago, these rice terraces manifest the engineering skill and ingenuity of the sturdy Ifugaos. In 1995, it was inscribed in the UNESCO Heritage List as a Continuing Cultural Landscape. Batad Rice Terraces (Banaue) These rice terraces are shaped like of an amphitheater and is located in barangay Batad. It can be reached by a twelve-kilometer ride from Banaue Hotel and a 2-hour hike uphill through mountain trails. Mayoyao Rice Terraces (Mayoyao) This spot is 44 kilometers away from Poblacion, Banaue. The Poblacion of Mayoyao lies in the midst of these rice terraces thus upon arrival in the town, one is awed with a breathtaking view of the rice terraces where all the dikes are tiered with flat stones. Hapao Rice Terraces (Hungduan) This is another stonewalled rice terraces located in the municipality of Hungduan and is 55 kilometers from the capital town of Lagawe. Magat Dam (Alfonso Lista) It is reputedly the biggest dam in Asia. This is located near the municipality of Alfonso Lista and about 25 kilometers from the town center of Santa Maria. Nagacadan Rice Terraces Are found in Kiangan and these show how forest management and rice terracing are complementary. SPECIAL INTEREST Mt. Amuyao This 8th highest peak in the Philippines with an elevation of 2,702 meters (8,865) above sea level is located between the boundary line of Banaue and Mayoyao and between Ifugao and Mountain Province. Its summit provides the climber with a breath-taking panorama of Mountain Province, Isabela, Nueva Viscaya and Ifugao. Mayoyao legend says that the first Ifugao couple, Bugan and Wigan took refuge in this mountain during the 40-day deluge that inundated the province. Being the only survivors, they became the first ancestors of the Ifugaos. Mount Napulawan Located in the municipality of Hungduan, this mountain is very accessible to mountain trekkers. The thick tropical rain forest and its rare flora fascinate conquerors of this peak. Trees near the peak are unusually short. Mount Anapawon Centrally located in Ifugao, this mountain peak is considered a potential camping site to be developed in the province. It provides a breathtaking view of Hungduan municipality, and the low-lying municipalities of Lagawe and Kiangan and the rice terraces of Hingyon. 5. Hospitality Services The people in Banaue are said to be very accommodating. Great service is their specialty. The service, care and hospitality were the best on their menu card. The tourist said that they were comfortable around the tour guides and they were fun to be with. The Staff in Native Inn Village can communicate properly with their guest and they were very generous. They offer service with warm smile and a hospitable atmosphere. The restaurant offers Western and Philippine dishes and has an open-pit fireplace. II. Tour Packages A. Letter of Proposal 18, March, 2013 Miss Tantuco Eagle Travel Agency Makati City Re: 3D/2N Manila-Banaue, Ifugao tour Dear Miss Tantuco, We are pleased to present to you our package proposal for your Manila to Banaue, Ifugao 3D/2N dated Oct. 11-13, 2013. Following another package cost on a per person basis. Base on a half twin sharing. Total package cost | 2-4| 5-10| 11-15| Half Twin Sharing| 950| 950| 950| Inclusions: * 3D/2N accommodation based on twin sharing * Transportation from Manila to Banaue; Banaue to Manila * Visits on Tam-an Village, Banaue Museum, Banaue Rice Terraces, Banaue Viewpoint Hapao Rice Terraces, Hugduan Rice Terraces, Batad Rice Terraces, Tappiyah Waterfalls, Banga-an Village, Mayoyao Village, Mount Amuyao, Duclingan Hot Spring * Entrance fees Service and Tour Guide/Coordinator * Food and Beverages Should you find the above quotation favorable, we request a full payment upon reservation/ confirmation of your bookings. If you have any question/clarifications don’t hesitate to call us at the following numbers; Landline: Phone: and look for for more information. Looking forward to your favo rable response regarding this matter Respectfully yours, B. Skeletal Itinerary Banaue, Ifugao Day 1: Tam-an Village Banaue Museum Banaue Rice Terraces Banaue Viewpoint Day 2: Hapao Rice Terraces Hugduan Rice Terraces Batad Rice Terraces Tappiyah Waterfalls Day3: Banga-an Village Mount Amuyao Duclingan Hot Spring C. Technical Itinerary Manila to Banaue, Ifugao 3D/2N DATE| TIME| ACTIVITIES| HOTEL| Day 1: 11, Oct 2013| 2200H| ETD Esteban Street, Makati City via Van| | | 0600H| ETA at Hotel| Native Village Inn| | 0600H-0700H| Check in| Native Village Inn| | 0700H-0800H| Breakfast at Hotel| Native Village Inn| | 0800H-1100H| Free Time| | | 1100H-1200H| Lunch at Hotel| Native Village Inn| | 1250H-1340H| ETA in Tam-an Village| | | 1350H-1430H| Banaue Museum| | | 1450H-1550H| Banaue Rice Terraces| | | 1600H-1710H| Banaue View Point| | | 1800H| ETA at Hotel, Dinner | Native Village Inn| Day 2: 12, Oct 2013| 0700H-0800H| Breakfast at Hotel| Native Village Inn| | 0850H-0940H| ETA Hapao Rice Terraces| | | 0950H-1020H| Hugduan Rice Terraces| | | 1050H1200H| Batad Rice Terraces| | | 1230H-1330H| Packed Lunch at Tappiyah Waterfalls| | | 1330H-1600H| Tappiyah Waterfalls| | | 1700H| ETA Hotel| Native Village Inn| | 1800H| Dinner at Hotel| Native Village Inn| Day 3: 13, Oct 2013| 0700H-0800H| Breakfast at Hotel| Native Village Inn| | 0830H-0930H| Banga-an Village| | | 0950H-1030H| Mount Amuyao| | | 1100H-1200H| Lunch at Hotel| Native Village Inn| | 1200H-1300H| Check out| | 1340H-1700H| Duclingan Hot Spring Dinner at Duclingan Hot Spring (pax account)| | | 1700H| ETD at Duclingan via Van| | | 1700H-0100H| ETA in Makati City| | D. Descriptive Itinerary Day 1: All passengers must arrive at the said time of departure at Esteban Street, Makati City via Van; the journey is an 8hour trip Manila to Banaue. The estimated time of arrival is at 6 o’clock in the morning. Our che ck in time is 6 o’clock in the morning in Native Village Inn and the breakfast will serve at 7 o’clock (English Breakfast; 2 fried eggs, bacon, beans, 2 slices of toasted bread butter marmalade, coffee or tea. and you are given a 3hour free time to roam around, relax and sightseeing. Lunch at the hotel. (Marinated chicken with fresh vegetables and rice, fresh fruit shake made from fresh fruits with milk. ) After lunch we will now go to Tam-an Village for sightseeing, take some picture and after tam-an village, we will go to Banaue museum and explore the museum and after the museum we will go to Banaue rice terraces and Banaue viewpoint after a long trip, dinner at the hotel (Pork or Chicken adobo with potatoes or rice. ) Day 2: Call time 6:45 in the morning, breakfast (Filipino Breakfast; garlic fried rice with 2 eggs, corned beef, coffee or tea. Fresh fruit platter; mango, banana, papaya, watermelon, melon, orange (choice of four) is serve at 7:00 in the morning. Estimated time of arrival at Hapao rice terraces is 8:50 in the morning. After Hapao rice terraces we will go now to Hugduan terraces and after that we will go now to Batad terraces and packed Lunch (Pork tenderloin stew with hash brown potatoes and fresh vegetables. (Fresh fruit platter; watermelon, papaya, banana, melon) at Tappiyah waterfalls. Estimated time of arrival at the hotel is at 5:00 in the afternoon. Dinner at the Hotel; (Pork or chicken chopsuey with rice) Day 3: Breakfast at Hotel (Continental breakfast; 2 slices of toast bread, butter, 3slices of imported cheese and marmalade, coffee or tea) after breakfast go to Banga-an Village, Mount Amuyao , Lunch at the hotel at 11:00-12:00 noon. Check out time is at 12:00-1:00 in the afternoon. After check out go directly to Duclingan Hot Spring. Dinner is a pax account basis estimated time of departure in Duclingan hot spring is at 5:00 in the afternoon. Estimated time of arrival in Makati City is at 1:00 in the morning. III. Costing SERVICES| 2-4| 5-10| 11-15| GUIDE| SWB/S| T/RED| Transportation(Manila to Banaue, Banaue to Manila) for 3days| 1’085| 434| 200| | | | Hotel Breakfast| 250| 250| 250| | | | Entrance fee| 20| 20| 20| 20| | | Whole day tour| 300| 300| 300| | | | Hotel Lunch| 410| 410| 410| 410| | | Hotel Dinner| 320| 320| 320| | | | Overnight| 950| 950| 950| | 475| 250| | | | | | | | Hotel Breakfast| 400| 400| 400| | | | Whole day tour| 300| 300| 300| | | | Packed Lunch| 520| 520| 520| 520| | | Hotel dinner| 250| 250| 250| | | | Overnight| 950| 950| 950| | 475| 250| | | | | | | | Hotel Breakfast| 250| 250| 250| | | | Whole day tour| 250| 250| 250| | | | Entrance fee| 100| 100| 100| 100| | | Hotel Lunch| 510| 510| 510| | | | Dinner| (pax acc)| (pax acc)| (pax acc)| | | | Guide Fee| 2’500| 1’000| 455| | | | | | | | | | | Subtotal| 9’365| 6’780| 6’235| 1’050| 950| 500| Prorate Guide| 525| 210| 95| | | | Total| 9’890| 6’990| 6’330| | 950| 500| Mark-up (25%)| 2’473| 1’748| 1’583| | 238| 125| Net to Operator| 12’363| 8’738| 7’913| | | | Round off – 12’370 -8’740 -7’920

Super Resolution Mapping To Determine Shoreline Position Environmental Sciences Essay

Coastal zone and shoreline monitoring is an of import undertaking in sustainable development and environmental protection. For coastal zone monitoring, shoreline extraction in different times is a cardinal work. Features of H2O, flora and dirt make the usage of the images that contain seeable and infrared sets widely used for coastline function Conventionally, photogrammetric technique is employed to map the tide-coordinated shoreline from the aerial exposure that are taken when the H2O degree reaches the coveted degree. On site study taken at these H2O degrees are more expensive to obtain than distant feeling imagination. With the development of distant feeling engineering, orbiters can capture high-resolution imagination with the capableness of bring forthing shoreline place. In recent old ages, satellite remote feeling information has been used in automatic or semi- automatic shoreline extraction and function. Braud and Feng ( 1998 ) evaluated threshold degree slice and multi-spectral image categorization techniques for sensing and word picture of the Louisiana shoreline from 30 m spacial declaration Landsat Thematic Mapper ( TM ) imagination. They found that thresholding TM Band 5 was the most dependable methodological analysis. Frazier and Page ( 2000 ) quantitatively analyzed the categorization truth of H2O organic structure sensing and word picture from Landsat TM informations in the Wagga part in Australia. Their experiments indicated that the denseness slice of TM Band 5 achieved an overall truth of 96.9 per centum, which is every bit successful as the 6-band maximal likeliness categorization. Besides multi-spectral orbiter imagination, SAR imagination has besides been used to pull out shorelines at assorted geographic locations ( Niedermeier, et A l. 2000 ; Schw & A ; auml ; bisch et Al. 2001 ) . While the really all right spacial declaration detectors ( e.g. IKONOS ) offers increased spacial declaration, the imagination from such systems is frequently inappropriate for many users, peculiarly if a big country is to be mapped ( Mumby and Edwards, 2002 ) . Therefore, if constrained to utilize fine-to-moderate spacial declaration ( 0.10 m ) imagination, there is a desire to map the water line at a subpixel graduated table. In such state of affairss the purpose is, hence, to deduce a map that depicts the characteristic of involvement at a graduated table finer than the informations set from which it was derived, which may be achieved through a super-resolution analysis ( Tatem et al. 2001, Verhoeye and De Wulf 2002 ) . 3.2 Test site The work focused on a 38 kilometer stretch of along a seashore off the North West Cape in the north west seashore of Western Australia ( Figure 3.1 ) . The shoreline was characterized by different beaches such as flaxen beaches, muddy and drop and facing to the Exmouth Gulf in the Indian Ocean. Exmouth Gulf is really shallow, with an mean deepness of about 10 m and northerly confronting drowned river vale in northwest Australia reverse estuarine embayment on the northwest shelf of Australia. The tidal scope is less than 2 m and varies little between neap and spring tides. The Exmouth part is exposed to preponderantly south to southeasterly air currents throughout the twelvemonth ( Bureau of Meteorology, 1988 ; Lough, J.M. , 1998. Coastal clime of northwest Australia and comparings with the Great Barrier Reef: 1960 to 1992. Coral Reefs 17, pp. 351-367. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus ( 10 ) Lough, 1998 ) . During spring and summer by and large moderate ( 21-30 kilometers per hour ) southward winds dominate, and fall and winter records show by and large lighter ( 11-20 kilometers per hour ) air current velocities with fluctuations between the dominant sou'-east air current and north to northeast air currents. The air current government is controlled chiefly by the interplay of the southeasterly trade air current system and the west coast-generated sea zephyr, in concurrence with a local sea zephyr developed within the Gulf. australia1-edit.JPG Figure 3.1: Location of shoreline trial site ( shaded ) and selected as had scope of morphologies in a survey country. 3.3 Data sets The survey used a series of harsh spacial declaration National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) images over survey site to bring forth a ace declaration image. For this survey, the shoreline was defined as the place of the boundary between H2O and land at the clip satellite imagery acquisition. The NOAA series of orbiters which each carry the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer ( AVHRR ) detector. These detectors collect planetary information on a day-to-day footing for a assortment of land, ocean, and atmospheric applications. Specific applications include forest fire sensing, flora analysis, weather analysis and prediction, climate research and anticipation, planetary sea surface temperature measurings, ocean kineticss research and hunt and deliverance ( CCRS, 1998 ) . 3.3.1 AVHRR detector features AVHRR informations set is comprised of informations collected by the AVHRR detector and held in the archives of the Geoscience Australia. Carried aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration`s ( NOAA ) Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite series, the AVHRR detector is a broad-band, 4- or 5-channel scanning radiometer, feeling in the seeable, near-infrared, in-between infrared and thermic infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. It provides planetary on board aggregation of informations over a 2399 kilometer swath. The detector orbits the Earth 14 times each twenty-four hours from an height of 833 kilometer. In this survey, NOAA images acquired from Geoscience Australia and NOAA antenna in Alice Springs permits acquisition of twenty-four hours and night-time base on ballss. There are usually about two day-time base on ballss per orbiter and two night-time base on ballss per orbiter. The detector parametric quantities as shown Table 3.1. Merely informations acqui red in Channel 2 ( 0.725 – 1.00 Â µm ) was used for this survey because land H2O boundaries clearly seen on the image. Table 3.2 shows an AVHRR Spectral Characteristics. Table 3.1: Spacecraft Parameters Swath breadth 2399km Resolution at low-water mark 1.1km approx. Altitude 833km Quantization 10 spot Orbit type Sun synchronal Number of orbits per twenty-four hours 14.1 ( approx. ) Table 3.2: AVHRR Spectral Characteristics Channel No. Wavelength Typical usage NOAA-15, 16, 17, 18 ( Â µm ) 1 0.58 – 0.68 Daytime cloud and surface function 2 0.725 – 1.00 Land-water boundaries 3 N/A Night cloud function, sea surface temperature 3A 1.58 – 1.64 Snow and ice sensing 3B 3.55 – 3.93 Night cloud function, sea surface temperature 4 10.30 – 11.30 Night cloud function, sea surface temperature 5 11.50 – 12.50 Sea surface temperature 3.3.2 Reference Data Landsat TM information of the North West Cape, Australia was acquired on 24 August 2007 with a spacial declaration 30 m ( Figure 3.2 ) . The Landsat way was 115 and WRS Row 075 were geometrically corrected and georeferenced to WGS 84 ( universe co-ordinate system ) .o Georeference imagination is defined imagination which has been corrected to take geometric mistakes and transformed to a map projection. Georeferenced image rectification can take one of the two signifiers, systematic and preciseness. Systematic rectification involves utilizing orbital theoretical accounts of the orbiter plus telemetry informations to happen the approximate relationship between the image and the map coordinates. Precision rectification uses land control points to register the image to absolute geographical co-ordinates. In other words, in a geo-referenced image the pels and lines are non aligned to the map projection grid geo-referenced image the pels and lines are non aligned to the map projection grid . A Landsat 5 TM scene has an instantaneous field of position ( IFOV ) of 30 m by 30 m ( 900 square metres ) in bands 1 through 5 and band 7, and an IFOV of 120 m by 120 m ( 14,400 square metres ) on the land in set 6. Merely band 4 ( 0.76 – 0.90 Â µm ) was used for delineate a shoreline. landsat1.JPG Figure 3.2: Landsat 5 TM informations over study country. Acquired day of the month: 24 August 2007 3.4 Method In the context of ace declaration techniques, it is assumed that several harsh spacial images can be combined into a individual all right spacial image to increase the spacial declaration content. The harsh spacial images can non all be indistinguishable and there must be some fluctuation between them, such as translational gesture analogue to the image plane ( most common ) , some other type of gesture ( rotary motion, traveling off or toward the camera ) , or different screening angles. In general, ace declaration can be broken down into two wide parts: I ) enrollment of the alterations between the harsh spacial images, and two ) Restoration, or synthesis, of the harsh spacial images into a all right spacial image ; this is a conceptual categorization merely, as sometimes the two stairss are performed at the same time. In this survey, the aim is to bring forth all right spacial declaration image from multiple harsh declaration images. Fine spacial declaration image has been applied with object designation methods which may build with regard to image enrollment and super-resolution building. All parametric quantities are used iteratively and do object designation secured from mistake response and been processed in hardiness, accurate and preciseness manner. 3.4.1. Image Registration Image enrollment is the procedure of covering two or more images of the same scene taken at different times, from different point of views or by different detectors. Image enrollment is a important measure in all image analysis undertakings in which the concluding information is gained from the combination of assorted informations beginnings like in image merger. Image enrollment consists of following four measure ; characteristic sensing, characteristic matching, transform theoretical account appraisal and image resampling and transmutation. i. Geometric Registration The geometric deformations present in airborne remotely perceived images may be categorized into system-independent and system-dependent deformations. The system independent deformations are caused by the gesture of the detector and by surface alleviation. Figure 3.3 shows on instance of images which are related by a planar projective transmutation or alleged planar homography. There are two different state of affairss where ( a ) images of a plane viewed under arbitrary camera gesture and ( B ) image of an arbitrary 3D scene viewed by a camera revolving about its ocular Centre or zooming. Figure 3.3: Two imaging scenarios for which the image-to-image correspondence is captured by a planar homography ( Capel and Zimmerman, 2003 ) Under a planar homography, points are mapped as: ten ‘ = Hx, where ten ‘ correspondence point of mention points x in other image and H is a 9 transmutations projection. The different of planar homography based on transmutation matrix attack below: or equivalently ; ( 3.1 ) ten ‘ = Hx The tantamount non-homogeneous relationship is ( 3.2 ) The scenario depicts in which homography will happen when a freely traveling camera views a really distant scene, such instance in airborne remote sansing ( Forte and Jones, 1999 ) . ( two ) Photometric Registration Photometric enrollment refers to the process by which planetary photometric transmutations between images are estimated. This enrollment traveling to use a theoretical account which allows for an affine transmutation ( contrast and brightness ) per RGB shows below. 3.3formula3.GIF Where, r1, g1, b1 are RGB channel in image 1 while r2, g2, b2 indicate RGB channel in image 2. Matrix A is used to calculate the remainder of brightness and contrast ? . Image enrollment of homography image concludes in Figure 3.4, last two stairss iterate until the figure of itelaration is stable. method.GIF Figure 3.4: Procedure to gauge a homography between two images. In order to deduce ace declaration image utilizing multiple series of low declaration images, all images need to register at the same time and corrections may easy implemented. Block bundle accommodation traveling to be considered as the best calculator to calculate all braces of back-to-back frames in the input sequence. Parameters such as interlingual renditions, rotary motions, graduated table, contrast and brightness, characteristic base enrollment, RANSAC ( RANdom SAmple Consensus ) and fiting could be done at the same time in every image brace. Generative image formation theoretical account is the best image formation algorithms which may see geometric transmutation of n images, point spread map which uniting effects of optical fuzz and gesture fuzz, down-sampling operator by a factor S where trying rate traveling to be entree, scalar light parametric quantities and observation noise. This theoretical account is generalized as follows: formula4.GIF f = mulct spacial declaration image gn = nth observed harsh spacial declaration image ?n = geometric transmutation of n-th image H = point dispersed map sv = down-sampling operator by a factor S ?n, ?n = scalar light parametric quantities ?n = observation noise 3.5 Hard categorization To distinguish between land and H2O organic structure a difficult classifier was applied to the fake coarse spacial declaration orbiter detector imagination. The maximal likeliness difficult classifier used to sort the harsh spacial declaration imagination ( NOAA AVHRR ) . The same preparation sites used in sorting the all right spacial declaration image ( cite informations ) were used ( Figure 4.5 ) . Using these developing sets the 20 m imagination was classified to 2 categories ( land and H2O ) . The resulting image ( Figure 3.7 ) would subsequently be analysed to find the positional mistake between the predicted shoreline location and the existent location based on the land informations. densitynooa.jpg ( a ) densitylandsat.jpg ( B ) Figure 3.5: ( a ) 1100 m spacial declaration and ( B ) 30 thousand spacial declaration classified imagination 3.7 Soft Categorization Difficult categorization techniques have been popular in distant feeling but they merely assign one category to a certain pel ( Jensen, 1996 ) . As shoreline pels normally contain a mixture of land and H2O categories, information within a pel is lost. A major job for accurate reading of distant feeling informations is related to the fact that pels may incorporate more than 2 categories which would merely be realised from land activities ( Foody, 1992. To turn to this job research workers have developed methods to deduce estimations of the sub-pixel category composing through the usage of techniques such as mixture modeling and soft or fuzzed categorizations ( Foody, 1996 ) . Soft classifiers allow pels to hold variable grades of rank to multiple categories. Soft classifiers assign a rank class between 0 and 1 to each category in a pel. This allows a pel to be associated to multiple categories instead than merely to one category as in conventional difficult classifiers. The end product of the soft categorization for each pel was an indicant of the comparative rank to the two categories and, in the country where rank was greatly assorted, this was taken as an estimation of the relative screen of the constituent categories ( figure 3 ) . noaa.jpglegend.GIF Figure 3.6: End product of soft categorization. The gray graduated table indicates the grade of rank to the land category. 3.8 Super declaration Maping The water line was mapped from the ace declaration image generate from the series of harsh spacial declaration image.. The same preparation sites were used in all the categorizations. As a benchmark, a conventional difficult categorization was used to foretell the water line from the fake image. The water line was fitted to the derived end product of this categorization by weaving it between pels allocated to the different categories. sr.JPG ( a ) density_sr.JPG ( B ) sr.JPG ( degree Celsius ) Figure 3.7: Ace declaration technique ( a ) individual image ( B ) difficult categorization of ace declaration image ( degree Celsius ) water line word picture. 3.tif ( a ) 5.tif ( B ) 12a.tif ( degree Celsius ) 15a.tif ( vitamin D ) 20.tif ( vitamin E ) 20.tif ( degree Fahrenheit ) Figure 3.8: End product of ace declaration technique ( a ) 3 images ( B ) 5 images ( degree Celsius ) 12 images ( vitamin D ) 15 images ( vitamin E ) 30 images ( degree Fahrenheit ) 50 images. 3.8 Positional Error Analysis End product from a difficult and soft categorization produces images with pels values stand foring the proportion of a certain category within pels. But it does non bespeak where within a pel these categories are located. To turn to this job, methods of administering the proportion within each pel to different categories were explored. The truth of shoreline maps generated at each spacial declaration from application of the difficult categorization, soft categorization and ace declaration method from multiple images were analysed for survey country ( Figure 3.1 ) . For each infusion and coarse-spatial declaration image, the truth of the shoreline anticipation derived was determined by comparing the to the Landsat 5 TM informations for every meter of the shoreline ( Table 3.3 ) The positional truth along the 38km length of shoreline in each infusion is shown in Table 3.3: Positional truth of the each method. Method Hard Classification Soft Categorization Super Resolution RMSE ( m ) 72.2 m 32.1 m 1 image: 14.8 m 3 Images: 7.21 m 5 Images: 6.25 m 12 Images: 5.33 m 15 Images: 5.17 m 30 Images: 5.08 m 50 Images: 8.07 Measure RSME ( m )

Chain Gear Limited. Objectives, Mission, Products Essay

Chain & Gear Limited is a new company that will provide high quality bicycle accessories. Chain & Gear Limited is scheduled to start operations on January, 2014. The company will provide four types of accessories that include saddle bags, Led Bicycle, Air pump light and iPhone bike mount. These products will help improve the performance and safety of bicycles Chain & Gear Limited will target small and medium sized companies, wholesalers, retailers and within the Northern part of Michigan including Detroit and surrounding areas as well as Southern Ontario. Our products will be positioned as high-end accessories. Currently there are no other companies selling these accessories in the Northern part of Michigan. The potential market for company’s product is promising. Currently there are over two million bicycles owners in Michigan. We are seeking  £ 1 million to be used in the production, packaging, marketing and overhead as well as for short term capital needs. The company plan on achieving direct sales of  £100,000 in the target market in the first year of operation. The company plan to market their products aggressively in order to realize high profits. However, the company has ceased selling ‘2i’ bike helmet. Objectives Sales of  £1,000,000 in June 2014 and  £1.5 million by December, 2014 Gross margin higher than 75% Mission                  Chain & Gear Limited offers reliable, high-quality products. The company must maintain financial balance, charging affordable prices to their customers. Company Summary                  Chain & Gear Limited is a new company that will be providing unique accessories such as saddle bag, iPhone bike mount, LED Bicycle Air Pump Lights and coffee cup holder. As a company grows it will focus improving its product to keep abreast with technology. It will also form alliances with other companies (Petrie, 2008: p12).  The total start-up expense which includes legal costs, stationery, logo design and related expenses comes to  £1 million.  £800,000 will be raised through your bank and the remaining  £200,000 will come from personal savings. Start-up assets that are required include  £50,000 in short-term assets like office furniture and  £150,000 in initial cash will be used to handle the first few months of operations since the sales and accounts receivables plays through the cash flow.. The firm’s offices are located on lower side of Ann Arbour, Michigan. Products                  Chain & Gear Limited offers high quality new products that will change the structure of bicycles and also improve iPhone bike mount: The iPhone Bike Mount for iPhone allows one to attach an iPhone to a handlebar of the bicycle such that one can use GPS or an appropriate app to track one’s position, speed or distance travelled while one is still riding. The iPhone Bike Mount is a weather proof case that has a welded touch-sensitive membrane that lets your iPhone be completely protected from effects of the weather and still be fully functional. The inside of the iPhone Bike mount case is lined with silicones that assist in shock resistance. The iPhone Bike Mount pivots so that you can use the iPhone in a portrait or in a landscape mode. It has a membrane protected openings for front and rear camera lenses that lets one take video or pictures while still riding. It also have a recess in a silicone liner that accepts charge cables which is suitable for stems and handlebars with a diameter of 36 mm (1.6†) or smaller.It has a case dimensions of 13.2 Ãâ€" 8 Ãâ€" 3 cm (5.8 Ãâ€" 3.2 Ãâ€" 0.7†), case weight of 90 g (3.0 oz.) and a bracket height of 1 cm (0.4†) (Weston,2011: p.27). Saddle bags                  Saddle bags carry tire inflation kits, tools, spare tubes, , keys, and the like. Saddle bags offer easy mounting, convenient access and an out-of-the-way position underneath your saddle. Saddle bags are sleek and small. They are ideal multiplicity of cycling styles such as a weekend warrior, hard-core commuter, touring expert, both on-road and off-road. They have features such as Rear Zipper Closure, Inner polyester pocket on the side, Safety light attachment, post attachment, Inner mesh pocket on lid, Stiffener along top and bottom of bag, Reflective elements on lid, three Adjustable side Velcro straps for saddle bags attachments and one Velcro rear strap for the seat. They are available in black and blue colour, Small, Medium and Large. Their measurement is (H x W x D): (S) 4.75†³ x 2†³ x 2.75†³, (M) 5.5†³ x 2†³ x 3†³, (L) 6†³ x 2.75†³ x 3.5†³, weight: (S) 1.05 oz., (M) 1.2 oz., (L) 1.4 oz. And fabrics: S70DL Polyamide siliconized / 210D Diamond Rip stop PU coated Polyamide (Weston, 2011: p.23). LED Bicycle Air Pump Lights                  LED Bicycle Air Pump Light installs air tap easily on the tire and flashes vibrant colours when one wheel around. It has an assortment of, Yellow, Red, Blue and Green, giving one’s roadside style a funky and bright edge. LED Bicycle Air Pump Lights functions by enhancing visibility and alertness of oncoming traffic that they are sharing the road (Petrie, 2008: p.26). Cup holders                  Cup holder enables the cyclist to snap onto handlebar. It is constructed out of two rings and a steel spring without screws and glue. Rings are of different sizes such that cyclists can flip a cup holder over depending on the size of the drink. It comes with little storage cube which fits inside the spring. Our cup holder hold two rings together in order to keep it neat and tidy when it is not being used. Cup holders are available in black, red, and white and green (Weston, 2011: p.36). Competition Comparison                  The competition comes in various forms. Most of our competitor is retailers. Our competitive advantage is that we can buy our products in bulk. This lowers cost such that we can afford to sell at low prices. We can afford to approach other companies and form alliances like amazon.com. The second competitor is Bicycle World. They are already established with good distribution channels. The advantage we enjoy over them is that Chain & Gear Limited sells to wholesalers, retailers and to the company will start with general corporate brochures to help establishing the positioning. This brochure will be part of start-up expenses. Chain & Gear Limited will at first be positioned as a company that offers cheap products. Our main strategy is to build strong loyalty from customers. We will promote our products as the most technologically advanced on the Pricing                  We will price our products in line with the other leading products. A pricing chart is shown below. To support these prices, i carried out a research to determine prices offered by other players. Research involved interviews and conversation. Product Unit Price iPhone bike mount:  £22 Saddle bags  £24 Cup holder  £10 LED Bicycle Air Pump Lights  £40 Promotion                  We will begin promoting our products through the following several avenues. These include Direct mail campaign, campaign for print advertising, Email web promotional campaigns. Company website will be developed to supplemental to these efforts.A direct mail campaign will start immediately with special time-limited pricing discounts for those who place order within one week after the date trading started. Distribution Product will initially be sold through direct sales force and on the company website. Our sales strategy that we employ is directed towards equipping the sales force with a lot of information to help them understand both the product and the market.Cloud computing accounting software is accounting software hosted on a remote server. It provides accounting and finance capabilities to firms in a fashion similar to a Software as a Service business model. Data sent to â€Å"the cloud,† is processed and returned to a user. All the application functions are performed on off-site and not on the user’s desktop.In cloud computing, users can remotely access software applications through the Internet or other networks through cloud application service provider. Cloud computing accounting software frees a business from having to incur the cost, install and maintain software on personal computers. It also permits employees working in a remote or branch office to access the same data and the same version of the software. In most cases, application providers charge based on usage as compared to site license fees that are associated with traditional accounting software deployments. Accounting data backup and disaster recovery is more often than not a part of one’s cloud computing accounting software account (Arias, 2011: p.35). Types of Cloud computingXero                  Xero gives features that are needed in a cloud accounting software. It connects to one’s bank and pulls in transactions on daily basis hence reduce manual data entry. It also does invoicing. They have the developer friendly API which allows third party developers to integrate apps into Xero One of the. It also has capabilities of bank reconciliation. Xero are plain smart. It will automatically match the transactions that are downloaded from one’s bank to transactions he or she created in Xero to help lessen the reconciliation process (Arias, 2011: p.36). It is generally considered as one of top accounting apps in Apple App Store. They target the mobile entrepreneur who is enabled to use their iPad for accounting purpose. Wave is a cloud accounting system that is for free. Wave connects with one’s bank such that one can categorize his or her transactions. It’s a fairly simple system to use. The learning curve is quite low. One can snap pictures of receipts and are uploaded into the receipts tab in Wave. Wave will then attempt to categorize and extract the key data needed.For a start up company Xero is recommended. This is because it can be downloaded easily using a smartphone. It also reported to learns on the go such that it attempt to predict your future transactions based on the past transactions (Arias, 2011: p.45). The management team for Chain & Gear Limited is a diverse group that has strong skills in marketing and sales, finance and operations. Our primary criteria for hiring these executive positions are based on extraordinary past achievement. Mr Chan brings 25 years of marketing and executive management expertise. Immediately prior to Chain & Gear Limited Mr Chan was CEO of ABC Corporation. He successfully reorganized the company, streamlining operations and improving profitability. He has held different management positions Mr Ricky has MBA from the San Jose State University. Jane Doeseski will join Chain & Gear Limited after ten years at EFG Software, Inc. She served recently as Senior Marketing Director and holds an MBA degree from Harvard University. Jon Smyth will join Chain & Gear Limited as Vice President of Finance. He worked. He worked in CDE Widgets, for 12 years, holding many executive finance management positions. Mr Smyth has a strong financial background and experience at both start-up and large corporations. He graduated from Berkley University with a degree in Accounting. The Financial PlanFinancial Needs Summary                  Investment funding needed for the capital expenses and operating expenses that are for the first year of operation. Computer/Electronic Equipment  £90,000 Office Furniture  £16,000 Marketing Materials/Promotions  £215,000 Office Lease for one year  £60,000 Utilities  £12,000 Inventory/Packaging Setup  £35,000 Salaries/benefits  £780,000 TOTAL Financing Needed: =SUM(ABOVE)  £1,208,000.00 Revenue Model                  Chain & Gear Limited revenue will be raised through product upgrades, sales, and annual renewals of the support contracts. Future ways for revenue include product training workshops and a bi-monthly magazine. In the first three months, financial statement is based on projections for sales for the first Phase. The second Phase will start in March of 2014; phase three in June of 2016 while the fourth phase will begin in September of 2014. The second assumption is that sales projected for year one are  £1.2 million. Commissions on sales are figured on 75% of total sales (Assuming that 30% of the sold units will come from the sales in the website as well as other direct response sales). Commission rate is 12%. Financial Statements are in the Appendices of the business plan. References Arias, T. (2011). The cloud computing applications handbook: everything you need to know about cloud computing applications. S.l.: Emereo Pty Limited. Petrie, K. (2008). Bicycles. Edina, Minn.: ABDO Pub.. Pinson, L. (2005). Anatomy of a business plan: a step-by-step guide to building a business and securing your company’s future (6th ed.). Chicago, IL: Dearborn Trade Pub.. Velte, A. T., Velte, T. J., & Elsenpeter, R. C. (2010). Cloud computing a practical approach. New York: McGraw-Hill. Weston, O. (2010). Bicycle accessories and repair supplies: bicycles, motorcycle accessories, motor accessories ([Nachdr. der Ausg.] Montreal ; Toronto ; Weston ; Winnipeg ; Vancouver, Canada Cycle and Motor Company Limited, 2010. ed.). Bremen: Europ. Hochsch.-Verl.. Young, P. (2008). Business plan. Chandni Chowk, Delhi: Global Media. Source document

Sales Force Compensation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sales Force Compensation - Assignment Example The company deals in beauty, fashion Jewelry and apparel. It has one of the largest salespeople in the world approximated at 6.5 million. The company has over 120 years in the industry with a strong financial background and resources to pull its operations. With a clear, well structured, multi-level compensation plan, the company has continued to attract and retain its salespeople making it a highly competitive firm. In order to motivate the sales force to produce the highest number of clients, describe six (6) features of an effective total rewards program. Rewards for many decades have been used primarily as a necessary evil in the attraction and retention of employees. However many studies suggest that there is no direct link between rewards and employee performance although research shows that the absence of it demotivates employees (Robillard, 2008: O'Halloran, 2012). This has thus led to the need to implement total rewards strategy that could be used to drive business success. Such a program could be used by the organization in addressing some of the challenging issues in the 21st century such as aging workforce, competition in the market place, influence of globalization on firms and the need to operate effectively in different business strategies such as in mergers and acquisitions (Armstrong, 2010). A total rewards program includes the overall value proposition that a firm provides to its employees. Such a package includes compensation which includes: basic pay, short term incentives and long term incentives; benefits which include health, retirement, work/life benefits; and careers which include such things as training and development, lateral moves, stretch assignments and career incentives (Manas & Graham, 2003). An effective total reward system has the following key features: first it has a mix of both monetary and non-monetary rewards (Asinof, 2006). The monetary rewards include compensation in the form of base pay, overtime pay, short term and lo ng term incentives, cash profit sharing, bonuses, commissions among others. The non-monetary rewards include such things as benefits which entail health and group benefits, retirement, paid off, work/ life programs, death benefits and prerequisites (Moynihan & Wells, 2011). Secondly, such a strategy must be aligned to the business strategy of the organization. Depending on the nature of the business strategy adopted by the organization, the strategy should be effective. A reward strategy has the power of minimizing on driving organizational performance and thus an effective total reward strategy must be able to support the overall business strategy to ensure performance. Third, such a strategy must match organizational resources and capabilities. It would be ineffective to design a total reward strategy which is overboard and which organizational resources cannot support. It would also be demeaning and inappropriate to have a strategy that is below what the organization can offer in terms of financial resources and capabilities. Fourth, an effective strategy is one that delivers rewards that drive specific behaviors necessary to achieve organizational objectives (Zingheim & Schuster, 2004). If for example, Avon Products, Inc. has a target of selling one million cosmetic products in one month, the reward strategy should be designed such that it motivates the salespeople to find clients. This could be through bonuses, incentives or a paid holiday trip! This communicates something to

Circles in a Circle by Vasily Kandinsky Term Paper

Circles in a Circle by Vasily Kandinsky - Term Paper Example The essay "Circles in a Circle by Vasily Kandinsky" explores the work of art Circles in a Circle by Vasily Kandinsky. The paper also considers how Circles is not an offbeat experimental work within Kandinsky’s broad oeuvres. He developed a unique style, whereby, he tried to reign in his artistic imagination within the structure of geometry. The work has several features that were deemed novel upon their introduction. One of the prominent features is the usage of perfect geometric forms. Conventional aesthetic sense had it that mellifluous and obtuse curves comprised the grammar of the art. But what Kandinsky’s art achieved was to open up a new idea of aesthetic. Under this new sensibility, the precision of mathematics is shown to have a place in visual arts. When we search for socio-cultural analogies, there are parallels to the compositional technique of Johann Sebastian Bach. Experts widely accede to the mathematical element behind the composer’s technique. One could read Circles within a Circle as a tribute to the musical genius from the Baroque era. At once, it is also an experiment to test if an idea could be transposed across art forms. Given the rich legacy of appreciation that Kandinsky’s Circles has drawn over the centuries, it is fair to claim that the experimentation has been a success. The great Italian polymath set forth an intellectual tradition wherein science and art were closely connected. Circles is also strikingly representative of Nicholas Copernicus’ illustrations of the order of the Universe.

Code of Professional Ethics and Conduct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Code of Professional Ethics and Conduct - Essay Example There is an urgent need to remind members how important it is to follow these rules in the performance of their assignments so that high ethical standards can be maintained and avoid controversies. In this connection, it is important for the profession to be strict with regards to observing standards formulated by its professional bodies in terms of accounting and auditing ethics and conduct. A member must at all times endeavor to observe the code of conduct that governs their profession. Rule 102 – this rule pertains to integrity and objectivity. This means accountants should maintain at all times honesty in performing his work and avoid conflicts of interest that may be damaging to that integrity and objectivity by assiduously observing independence. Expectations of the code is a CPA will not knowingly misrepresent facts, make materially false or misleading entries or fails to correct those erroneous entries when there is an opportunity to rectify them. Violations of this ru le was shown in the case of Mr. Robert E. Allgyer of Lake Forest, in the state of Illinois, for alleged violations of the Codes of Professional Conduct of the AICPA and also in relation to Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Rule 102 (e) about a rendition of professional services for Waste Management, Inc. wherein there was improper conduct by him. The integrity of Mr. Allgyer was questionable due to his issuance of an Order instituting Public Administrative Proceedings which the SEC construed as negligence on his part. However, Mr. Allgyer entered into a compromise settlement with thInstitutingich he was fined $50,000 and also suspended from his professional practice for two years, with a right to re-apply for the privilege of practicing before the SEC only after the lapse of five years. I think the disciplinary actions taken against him were too harsh (professional suspensions) considering that he paid the substantial civil monetary penalty of $50,000 (AICPA, 2012b, p. 1). Ru le 102 (e) of the SEC now allows it to sanction any individual CPA in addition to public accounting firms, the firms they worked for and their audit committees. This new rule change refers to negligence on the part of individual CPA which constitutes as improper conduct and a violation of professional standards of conduct applicable in the instant case (With a controversial change to rule†¦, 1999, p. 1). Rule 201 – this rule refers to professional competence and cares with regards to the handling of financial documents. It means any member must be competent in terms of academic theories (continuing professional education credits or CPE) and adequate work experiences. Moreover, this rule requires due professional care during rendition of any professional services by ensuring proper planning before any work is started, make adequate supervision during the performance of professional services and ascertain if there are enough valid data, documents and all relevant informati on for a reasonable conclusion or a proper recommendation with regards to all services standards (NYSSCPA.org, 2009, p. 1).  

Little Red Roaster (LRR) coffee outlets Case Study

Little Red Roaster (LRR) coffee outlets - Case Study Example This paper will therefore bring to the surface the weaknesses that prevent quick growth of the business due to managerial poor approach. It will also identify and discuss on those threats that arise from the external environment and thus outside control of the business. While doing so, this case report will also identify the strengths the business has achieved out of its current operating strategies and the opportunities available. Upon a critical analysis of the problem, it emerges that LRR faces more business development challenges in terms of expanding than mismanagement. The business is challenged with how best it can expand its current operating capacity to tap the improperly tapped coffee beverage market. The report analysis will also therefore endeavor to analyze the seemingly big problems related to room for expansion, outside catering and delivery of products. After identifying all these factors, this case analysis and report will review the alternatives available for a new course of action. In so doing, the case report will also discuss and elaborate on the reasons for adoption of such criteria. The adoption of any criterion will be based on the overall financial position of the Little Red Roast and the interplay of other external variables like availability of space and ready and reliable market. Alternatives are usually not necessarily the only choices to choose from by a business. Therefore the report will only identify the options and present them to the management for final decision-making. Recommendation for LRR will be based on the overall analysis and available options for the business. Rationale for such recommendation will be based on other aspects like the consequences of each one of them. Every new venture comes with its own unpredictable risks. This case report will therefore also do a forecast of possible risks that come with the available options. It will be up to the management to decide which option will be in the best interest for th e business given the prevailing circumstances and condition. Finally, this case report will come up with an action plan with critical Steps, potential problem identified above and a contingency plan for each step in the action plan. This will be tabulated for ease of analysis and better understanding of the scenario. It is of vital importance to note that all these are aimed at helping LRR expand its coffee business in the most profitable manner that is both customer friendly and management friendly. Situational Analysis LRR is a chain of small retail coffee shops that offer a variety of light foods and beverages. The business outlet started as a retail business in 1995. It is located in various places such as Byron, Covent Garden Market, London Central Library, and London Provincial Courthouse. It also operates in Springbuck, St. Thomas-Elgin General Hospital, The renaissance and Wortley village. The business offers coffees, tea, gourmet beverages, breakfast, light lunches and snac ks. The company has been in business for eight years (seventeen years by now) and continues to