Reye Syndrome :: essays research papers

Reye SyndromeReye Syndrome is an extremely rare, non-contagious disease thought to betriggered by aspirin use. The positive origin of the disease is unknown. ReyesSyndrome, occasionally called Reye-Jacobsens Syndrome, is known to follow anyviral infection. Two of the most common viral infections it precedes isinfluenza, the flu, and chicken pox. A now-familiar type on bottles ofaspirin, most notably Tylenol, is not to give Tylenol to a child who isrecovering from the chicken pox, a fever, or any other viral infection. Thelink between aspirin and Reyes Syndrome and is not fully understood, save allreported cases of Reyes Syndrome include a child who has received aspirinbefore infection.Symptoms of Reyes Syndrome whitethorn often be mistook for a recurrence of theflu, or extreme exhaustion. These symptoms include vomiting, confusion, lack ofcoordination, distorted balance, irritability, a stupor-like state, and a recentinfection from a viral illness. The symptoms often begin with v omiting andprogress to a stupor and near comatose state. This disease is often found inyoung children and infants. Over sixty percent of reported Reyes Syndromecases occur in children under the age of sixteen, with the majority of thesecases being in children under six. Although less than five percent of ReyesSyndrome cases occur in people over the age of sixty, the elderly are often themost severely affected, due to old age and weakening immune systems. Infants,while hindered by their young age, can often fight the infections of ReyeSyndrome better, for reasons doctors do not yet fully understand. The severityof Reyes Syndrome is classified on a scale of 1-5, with one and 2 being theonset of symptoms and four and five being the most severe, with the patientbeing comatose. With the most severe of Reyes Syndrome cases, internal fluidbuilds up in the wittiness and there is irreversible brain damage or even death.While the disease is not often fatal, it is essential to treat the dis ease early.Reyes Syndrome is not contagious, but the diseases that can lead to, such asthe flu, and chicken pox, are highly communicable.The first case of Reyes Syndrome was diagnosed in 1963. Looking backinto medical journals, there were galore(postnominal) mystery illnesses that had the samesymptoms as Reyes Syndrome, but no cases were positively diagnosed as beingReye Syndrome until this date. The definitive tests for this disease are a coloured biopsy and blood analysis. The liver biopsy can help determine thepresence of fat and lipid formation in the liver. Upon surgical examination,the liver is slightly enlarged, firm, and bright yellow.

why everyone should own 1 punk cd Essay -- essays research papers

Outline for Persuasive Speech Topic Why everyone should own one Punk CD. 1. a. By a show of hands I would like to see how many of you get word to Punk Rock. Today Id like to talk to you ab come in this music genre of music that was created in reaction to new(prenominal) forms of music, and hopefully influence you to check it out and maybe even buy a CD.i. Ive been listening to bully since as early as the 5th grade. Punk (make quote sign) is a term applied to a child or teenager who acts in an asocial way. Punk music is a form of rebellion, and it turned against all other musical forms and influences at its time of creation. Punk music is as much heathenish as it is musical. It is anarchic, against society, and against everything in established order.ii. Id like to give you a brief history, the philosophy behind the music, and how what you hear today on the wireless isnt quite the same. Ive included a few of the bands that I like to give you an idea what Im talking about. Punk quiver is much to a greater extent than scarcely music as music is just expressions of what people hold dear to them. Transition statement But since I mountt have all day to talk lets go to a brief history.A LITTLE BIT OF HISTORYMost of the first quiver of British punk were born from art schools. Members from The Clash, Sex pistols, Damned, Wire, Adam and the ants, and Siouxsie and the Banshees had all come from such places in and around London. A large contingent came from in and around the Kings road area of west London, and a lot of the first wave knew of each other first hand- Tony James (Gen X), Mick Jones (Clash). Topper Headen (Clash) and Keith Levine (Clash, common Image) had all been in the London SS, a Proto-punk band featuring the aforementioned all-star line-up. Shortly after The SS split, Tony James went to form Chelsea with future Generation X member and MTV pop out star Billy Idol. In addition they recruited future Damned Guitarist and leader Brian James. The Cl ashs Leader, Joe Strummer had been plying his trade in the pub rock scene, which was instrumental to the rise of punk, with his old band the 101ers. As soon as he saw the Pistols, he knew his band was outdated. Strummer was actually an ex public schoolboy, and his dad was a worker in the national treasury of some sort. Other bands, such as the UK subs had also evolved from pub rock- Charlie Harper was in the marauders prior to forming the sub... ...e people its all about who out punk or be more hardcore than the next punk. People who disregard other punks for the type of punk they listen to. The most disregarded punks are the ones who listen to some commercialized music. This in general to me is ok to a certain degree. If you love the music and it means something to you it is ok with me, but if you are just listening to it because other people do or you are just radio oriented for any band I dislike it. Punks shouldnt deem those who listen to some commercial music and love it pose rs. That is wrong to me. Everyone knows that for how many punks there are in an area there are usually just as many posers. The people who I think qualify as posers are radio oriented, do things or listen to a band just because other true punks are and have no love for it, people who just do it for the style, and people with a punk attitude with no beliefs to back it up. You testament never see a person listening to rap or techno listening to punk music, but as a punk, we are taught to be more open to different styles of music, because punk is not a contest, it is unity, love for the music, an attitude, a lifestyle, and many other things to be true to.

Teaching Philosophy :: School Learning Education Essays

Philosophy At this point in my study in education, I hire become accustomed to the educational Philosophies of essentialism and social reconstruction. I tend to lean toward essentialism more, because I think there reads to be more accent state of affairsd on reading, writing, mathematics, science, and social studies. I have an interest in social reconstruction, because I feel students need to be encouraged to address and maybe even attempt to help solve social problems. I strongly feel this Philosophy is dependent on the grade level of the students. I privation to become an educator, because I love to teach things to other people. Also, in the time that we are living in, I feel there is a great need for teachers who have good moral character. I believe that by being a teacher, that I will be a good model for students to follow. I want to have a classroom that is bright and cheery, and on that will enhance learning. I want it to be a place where students feel love and acc epted. I do not want them to feel afraid to try or to make mistakes. I want my classroom to be a place where students can learn and have fun at the same time. I do no mean it will be laxed, but it will have a controlled comfortable atmosphere, so that students can learn. The students desks will be arranged in rows that are horizontal to one another. They will be facing toward the arena of instruction. The students will be seated according to their behavior. For example, to eliminate disruptions, I will seat a talkative child next to a quiet child. The air boards in my classroom will reflect the time of the current season. Most importantly, I plan to have a list of classroom rules posted on the wall, in an area where all the students can see them. I also play to have school menus as well as a schedule posted on the bulletin board. I think it is important for the classroom to have a overhead projector. This will be used as an adjutant bird to help students learn. I would like to h ave computers in my classroom that will be installed with educational programs. Each student will have access to educational materials such as textbooks, dictionaries, and encyclopedias. I will establish an authoritarian classroom, because without authority, it is impossible to get anything accomplished.

Swimming :: essays research papers

The sun sleeps as the desolate city streets await the sunup rush hour. Driven by an inexplicable compulsion, I enter the building along with ten other swimmers, inching my way toward the cold, dark locker room of the Esplanada greens Pool. One by one, we slip into our still-damp drag suits and make a mad dash through the chill of the morning air, stopping only to grab pull-buoys and kickboards on our way to the pool. Nighttime temperatures in coastal California dip into the high forties, but our pool is artificially warmed to seventy-nine degrees the temperature differential propels an eerie pillar of steam up from the waters surface, producing the spooky ambience of a werewolf movie. Next comes the shock. Headfirst immersion into the tepid water sends our hearts racing, and we respond with a prompt set of warm-up laps. As we finish, our coach emerges from the fog. He offers no friendly accolades, just a rigid regimen of sets, intervals, and exhortations. Thus starts another wor kout. 4,500 yards to go, then a quick shower and a five-minute drive to school. Then its back to the pool the afternoon training schedule features an additional 5,500 yards. Tomorrow, we start over again. The objective is to racetrack our times by another tenth of a second. The end goal is to achieve that tiny, unexplainable difference at the end of a race that separates achiever from failure, greatness from mediocrity. Somehow we accept the pitch--otherwise, wed still be deep in our mattresses, slumbering beneath our blankets. In this sport, the antagonist is time. Coaches spend hours in specialized clinics, analyze the modish research on training technique, and experiment with workout schedules in an attempt to defeat time. Yet there are no shortcuts to winsome, and workouts are agonizing. I took let on in my first liquid race when I was ten years old. My parents, fearing injury, directed my athletic interests away from ice hockey and into the pool. Three weeks into my new s wimming endeavor, I somehow persuaded my coach to let me enter the annual age group meet. To his surprise (and mine), I pulled out an A time. I furthered my achievements by winning Top 16 awards for various age groups, setting club records, and being named National First Team All-American in the 100-Butterfly and Second Team All-American in the 200-Medley. I have since been elevated to the Senior Championship level, which means the competition now includes world-class swimmers.

Whitman Essay -- Biography

Biography.Born on May 31st 1819, died March 26th 1892. Born into a working class family, end his formal education at age 11, would later say that most of his meaningful education came from outside the school house. Had apprenticeships at working-class newspapers also started his possess newspaper, The Long Islander, though it later failed. Whitmans most famous work is the collection of Leaves of Grass, first published in 1955 at his own expense. In total at that place were 9 editions each addressing the citizens of the United States, urging them to be large and generous, a new race nurtured in political liberty, and possessed of united spirits and bodies published during Whitmans feeling with each having its own distinct virtues and faults. Emerson received praised and support from the Transcendentalism movement, specifically, Emerson, Thoreau and Alcott (Folson & Price, 2011).Beliefs On Personal Development.Whitman believed that it was corruption of civilization that ultimately change the goodness of human and the soul by changing the state of good in the mind. Therefore, one should disc...

Whitman Essay -- Biography

Biography.Born on May 31st 1819, died March 26th 1892. Born into a running(a) class family, ended his formal education at age 11, would later say that most of his meaningful education came from outside the school house. Had apprenticeships at blue-collar newspapers also started his own newspaper, The Long Islander, though it later failed. Whitmans most famous work is the collection of Leaves of Grass, first published in 1955 at his own expense. In total there were 9 editions each addressing the citizens of the United States, urging them to be large and generous, a new race nurtured in political liberty, and possessed of joined souls and bodies published during Whitmans life with each having its own distinct virtues and faults. Emerson received praised and support from the Transcendentalism movement, specifically, Emerson, Thoreau and Alcott (Folson & Price, 2011).Beliefs On Personal Development.Whitman believed that it was corruption of civilization that ultimately change the vir tuousness of human and the soul by changing the state of good in the mind. Therefore, one should disc...

Essentially, leadership is about people management

Mohandas Gandhi once admitted that I suppose leading at one time meant muscles barely today it means getting along with people. Essentially, leadership is about people management. As a leader, one has to realize that the value of leadership is determined by the ability of the leader to deal fairly with the people placed under him. Interestingly, we sewer say that all men are leaders. This is because in one itinerary or the other, we all occupy a position where someone is under us.However, it is sad to note that not all men know what leadership is real about thereby making a mess of their positions. Therefore, in order to have an efficient society, it be dresss imperative to have a platform where leadership can be addressed and people can be taught the rudiments of leadership. I consider The Leadership Development Program (LPD) organized by The Venetian to be such a rare platform.As an undergraduate, my academic background was in English and literature. During my years in college , I was selected to be the volunteer interpreter in international conferences, conventions, and trade shows. While I was discharging my duties, I realized how much I like to communicate with people and the heart I have for component them. It was an eye-opener to the fact that I am naturally configured to fit into the hospitality industry. As a result, I decided to start my career in hospitality industry since I really like interacting people who have different perspectives and cultural back ground. As an integral part of my career aspirations, I want to work in a hotel someday as Human Resource Personnel or any aspect that involves management.Dreams dont just come true and success requires extra effort. Apart from this, I have come to discover that in order to be a leader, one must counterbalance follow and learn. This has made me embark on the quest of personal career enhancement. In order to accomplishment my vision I know this require me to introduce for a credible course of study where I can learn how to improve my leadership and managerial skills so that I can be of help to the customers that lead come my way daily. This is what informed my decision to enroll for The Leadership Development Program organized by The Venetian.After going through the several leadership development programs that I could lay my hands on, I felt the one organized by the Venetian is the best. However, after I have carefully asleep(p) through the site and the programs offered, I needed nobody to tell me that this was what I have been looking for. What caught my fancy was the level of organization of the company. I was attracted to the site itself and the composition of being taught by the executives of one of the worlds most successful hospitality and entertainment companies made my stomach rumble. I also find the program appealing because of the fact that I will be able to get world class jobs with the affiliates of the company after the program.On the whole, I believe th at I will find the program memorable as this is the big break I have been looking for. I know one day I will look back and be grateful I made the decision to enroll for the Venetian Leadership Development Program

Medical Assistant Ethics

There are numerous ethical issues that a medical assistant may encounter in a daily office or hospital setting. It is unethical to have a conversation with a fellow coworker regarding a diligent. The persevering may overhear or worse they may be related to someone in the office. It is no ones business as to why the patient had an appointment. An different unethical behavior that is unacceptable is foul spoken communication in front of the patients. They do not need to hear that kind of language under any circumstances.When a patient coiffes in to consider you and smells of urine or alcohol, be courteous to the patient and do not judge the patient. This patient may not have the means to shower daily or they may be sick and are unaware of the odor. A good affair to remember when dealing with an ethical issue is always do the right thing at the right time and it leave never become an issue. medical examination abetter _or_ abettors need to put themselves into the shoes of the p atient. They need to ask themselves, how would I want to be treated? How would I like to be recognized in the eyeb every(prenominal) of the health care worker?How would I want my family treated? In doing this little experiment on a daily basis they will come to realize that we all are human and need to be treated equally, no matter what the situation may be. The general skills of a Medical retainer consist of basic customer service. They must(prenominal) be able to communicate between the doctors and the patients. They need to do this within the legal and ethical boundaries. Document each conversation because if it is not documented then the conversation never happened. Educate the patient within the scope of practice.Let the patient know of community resources for future tense reference of patients needs. Operational functions are also a part of the daily duties of a Medical Assistant. Performing inventory of supplies and equipment so items tail be replenished. Doing these fu nctions will always help in maintaining the highest quality of care for the patient. Clinical skills of the CMA of general patient care to make them as comfortable as possible. Many symptomatic procedures are required of the CMA from collecting specimens to realizeing radiology tests.Fundamental principles consisting of sterilizing rooms and equipment are skills that a CMA will do daily. Doing these clinical skills while practicing standard precautions must be a high priority for everyone in the health care facility. Administrative skills are essential for a CMA to do the job that is required of them. It is all done via computer so there typing skills must be adequate for them to succeed. From patient schedules to bookkeeping to insurance forms, all is done on a daily basis. Licensure is when a government agency authorizes individuals to work in a job.A CMA does not need a license to work. Professions needing licenses are lactates and therapists. Registration is a employmental or ganization in a specific health care field that administers exams and/or maintains a list of qualified individuals. CMAs can practice for a registration credential. This would give them a better paying job and more responsibilities at their present facility. Certification involves the issuing of a certificate and credential by a professional organization to someone who has met the experience and education guidelines of that organization.This basically tells everyone that you have finished your schooling for Medical Assisting. For a Medical Assistant to maintain his/her certification they must recertify either by passing the CMA exam again or by receiving sixty recertification points, thirty of which must be AAMA approve CEUs. The points must be as follows 10 administrative, 10 clinical, 10 general and 30 from any combination of the above three categories. You must also subscribe to proof (photocopy of the card and length of program) of current, provider level CPR certification.C ontinuing education units (CEUs) can be received by reading online books and taking a test when finished. The AAMA sponsors many workshops, seminars, and county, state, and national conferences for MAs to remain current in their field and earn the CEUs. For the safety of the patient and employee, an MA should never perform any working classs that are impertinent the scope of the MA practice. Outside the scope of a Medical Assistants practice would be suturing a wound, administering a pap test for a female patient, or possibly giving the patient the diagnosis of the symptoms they are experiencing.A physician should never denominate the full range of physical therapy to anyone other than a physical therapist. Under no circumstances should the Medical Assistant do any duties that are outside their scope of practice. If I were approached by my supervisor to perform outside of my scope of practice, I would calmly and rationally refuse the request. I do not feel that any job is worth losing if you are asked to perform it wrong.I would explain to my supervisor politely that I am not qualified to perform the task asked and I would suggest someone else in the facility that is capable. I would let them know I would be willing to help out with any other task that is within my scope of practice. In order to find the article listed, I went to google. com and found an article from AAMA website on scope of practice act for Wisconsin. You can also go to AAMA website. Click on site map. Go to CMA today and scroll down. Click on Public Affairs Articles. Scroll down until you see the article found on google.If I were approached by a patient or a fellow coworker and referred to as a nurse, I would explain to them that I am a Medical Assistant and explain some of my job functions. I would let them know that there is a big difference and the denomination does need to be corrected. I would let them know that if I were to acknowledge the comment of being called a nurse, I could lose my job as wellhead as my career. They may not understand that it is a very serious offense. I would explain them that the actual nurses would not be able to be entitle as a doctor so the same holds true for me.When a medical assistant misrepresents herself/himself, they are in fact making the entire profession look bad in the eyes of the patient. The disciplinary results that could happen to the medical assistant are far greater than the prestige of stating you are who you are not. kingdom disciplinary actions can result in fines and other criminal penalties. All office personnel should avoid referring to the medical assistant as a nurse also not just the patient. The doctor can also lose his career and/or a fine. I could lose my certification also.

Fahrenheit

Our culture should not have censored satisfying. I hold that if you have censored material it is hiding away part of the original world. Keeping controversial and upsetting material away from the public eye promotes ignorance and stupidity, but I feel that some whiles there should be limitations for the comfort of others. Overall, muckle should become more open minded and except the fact that they are going to see or hear things they do not destiny to. I think if you do not like something, then do not do anything that has to do with it.In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury he shows that censoring material causes people to become lazy and not think. Around the beginning of part 2 Faber says, Do you know why books such as this are so important? Because they have quality. And what does the word quality mean? To me it means texture. This book has pores (Bradbury 88). I think this is an example of how people become ignorant. When Faber is saying the book has pores, I think he saying sinc e it has pores it makes you really think about what it is saying.If people cannot render the books and just live in their own little world they pass on not be able to actually think about the meaning of things. Reading books make people think, why? When the firemen are burning all these books in the society, the people bequeath not be able to think or gain knowledge. They will all have the same intelligence they did when they were 10. This is not the further example Bradbury shows. In the story, Mildred has a room with a 3 wall television. She is always in there and her family is her family in the television.She is always watching it that she thinks it is reality. I think that her watching television all the time that is has affected her memory. For example, when Montag walks in the bedroom he feels, Complete darkness, not a hint of the silver world external a chamber a tomb world where no sound from the great city could penetrate (Bradbury 15). His wife is so sucked into this room that one time Mildred had kept taking her pills forgetting that she took one. Her brain has been drained by the television. She has not thought about anything else which caused her to have short term memory.All she did was watch television and you do not have to think when you are watching television. In the You Have Insulted Me letter Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. wrote, You should also resolve to expose your children to all sorts of opinions and information, in order that they will be better equipped to make decisions and to survive (192). I agree with what he is saying. If there is hidden information from your children and they go out into the world, it would be tall(prenominal) for them to face a problem or challenge they have.For example, if these parents had a child and home schooled her her whole life, it would be difficult for her to go out and be genial with her peers. Also, if she had a problem with someone, she would not know what to do. I think this is just like hiding books from people. If you hide important information from people it causes them to be less(prenominal) open minded. In conclusion, I think that censoring material causes ignorance and stupidity for someone. If you do not want to see or hear something, then do not. Let the other person do what they want and just avoid them.There is no reason to get offended if someone likes to do something or read something that you do not. I think if people were more open minded and less hypocritical I think we would not have this problem today. If you want to do what you want, another person should be able to also, but people nowadays do not think well because they are too into their characterisation games or television and their brains just get drained out. I believe if more of the population actually tried to understand the meaning of things, we would all be less ignorant and stupid.

Personal Finance Essay

Personal finance addresses the way an individual or families earn, budget, save, and spend money gained from employment, loans, or gifts. As a college student, my personal finances are based upon money I make water obtained, seasonal employment and parental support. In creating my budget, I had to actualize that my income was not the same each month so I had to make sure I had enough money to pay for my gas, phone bill, and entertainment. Sometimes I would go over budget due to unexpected bills so I would ask for help from my parents. I use a debit observance through my bank City National Bank.I chose this bank because my parents also bank there and its a small personal bank. It makes it easier if I need my milliampere to transfer money to my sum up in case of an emergency. I do not use checks only my debit card and occasional cash, the debit card pulls money out of my account somewhat like a check. I do check my account online, and my statement looks similar to the on in The specie 101 Student Workbook. The format is a little different, but the same kind of information is given. I do not keep a present much to my mothers dismay.Every Christmas, she gives me a register to keep track of my spending but I fail to use it. I do track my spending through balance inquiries that I receive via the ATM, as well as online. If I wanted to change banks, I would choose a bank that would be in Marshall and has the small town feel to it. I would also want one that might offer interest on my account. I didnt find any new information concerning debit cards, but I do prefer a debit card to a source card because it takes money out of your account instead of possibly spending what you hold outt have.You can also abuse a realisation card and use it unnecessarily. I did check on annualcreditreport. com to see if I had a credit report, but I do not because I dont have any accounts in my name. The best card deal I found was on chase. com because if I put my name on my paren ts account then I could also have their 8. 99% interest rate. There were lots of credit card offers that had 0% introductory rates, but since I have no credit, then the interest rate would rise dramatically.Some insurance policies that would be important for personal finance would be disability insurance, car insurance, and wellness insurance. Identity theft insurance would probably be a good insurance protection. The social occasion that stuck out to me when Mike Brady came and spoke was the concept of full report suppurate insurance for your car, he said that its only an interpretation and not something that is written down, he also stated that there is no such thing as full coverage.I would probably put my savings in the savings account in my bank since I would have access to it. My privacy plan would be to match whatever my company is putting into my 401K and putting money into stock that I can draw from when I actually do retire. The test that we took in the back of the bookl et was fairly easy after looking through this so many times I answered a credit card would be the one to hurt you the most when in fact it says the student loans would affect your credit score more.My parents educated me very well on a lot of these subjects especially budget and checking account, my mom has preached to me about having a budget for as long as I can remember. The thing I learned from this unit, just to point one out, was the savings and retirement planning I didnt realize it was such a priority because at my age you really dont think about those things but Ive learned that I do need to start early.

The Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace

Most people would weigh that wars be launched because a country needs to a greater extent territory, or because a countrys b prepares are threatened, or because of appeasement. The real reason for war is that countries begin to feel that their honor is threatened they feel that other nations are non giving them the worth and dignity they deserve, and so they take to the battlefield. On the Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace, Dr. Kagan is a classical scholar who hopes to get politicians and statesmen to understand hi report card so as non to repeat it.He reminds that this was the intention of Thucydides of ancient Greece who wrote a history of the Peloponnesian Wars for those who wish to have a clear understanding both(prenominal) of events in the past and of those in the future which will, in all human likelihood, happen a authorise in the same or a similar mien. His have starts with the Peloponnesian War of the fifth century B. C. -the subject of a four-volume his tory Kagan finished in 1987and ends with the Cuban missile crisis of 1962.He also analyzes the s turn uph punic War of 218 to 201 B. C. World War I, and World War II. War usually arrives over presbyopic distances and long stretches of time. For instance, in 226 B. C. Rome was by far the well-nigh powerful state in the Western world, but it concluded a agreement with Carthage which was expanding its influence in what is now Spain. The conformity sought to preserve the peace. cardinal years later, after many twisting and turnings and concessions by Rome, it led to war. Rome limited the expansion of Carthage to the area south of the Ebro River, and it looked like an order delivered by Rome, not a concession.Actually, Kagan writes, it was an attempt at appeasement in a moment of weakness and fear, the effect of which was to neither soothe nor deter but to inflame and kick upstairs the Carthaginians. The aftermath included events, which al almost destroyed Romes fortunes Hanniba ls arrival at the head of a powerful army in Italy itself and the beginning of the 18-year Second Punic War. dickens wars, the First Opium War 1839-42 and the Second Opium War 1856- 60, waged by Britain against mainland China to enforce the opening of Chinese ports to trade in opium.Opium from British India paid for Britain s imports from China, such as porcelain, silk, and, above all, tea. The First Opium War, amid Britain and China, resulted in the cession of Hong Kong to Britain and the opening of five treaty ports. Other European states were also subsequently given concessions. The Second Opium War followed between Britain and France in alliance against China, when thither was further Chinese resistance to the opium trade. China was forced to give the European states greater trading privileges, at the expense of its people. 839-42 and 1856-60, two wars between China and Western countries.The first was between Great Britain and China. Early in the 19th cent British merchants b egan smuggling opium into China in order to balance their purchases of tea for export to Britain. In 1839, China enforced its prohibitions on the importation of opium by destroying at Guangzhou (Canton) a large measuring stick of opium confiscated from British merchants. Great Britain, which had been looking to end Chinas restrictions on foreign trade, responded by sending gunboats to snipe several Chinese coastal cities.China, unable to withstand neo arms, was defeated and forced to subscribe to the Treaty of Nanjing (1842) and the British Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue (1843). These provided that the ports of Guangzhou, Jinmen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, and Shanghai should be open to British trade and residence in step-up Hong Kong was ceded to the British. Within a few years other Western powers signed similar treaties with China and received commercial and residential privileges, and the Western domination of Chinas treaty ports began.In 1856 a second war broke out following an al legedly illegal Chinese search of a British-registered ship, the Arrow, in Guangzhou. British and French legions took Guangzhou and Tianjin and compelled the Chinese to accept the treaties of Tianjin (1858), to which France, Russia, and the United States were also party. China agreed to open 11 more ports, permit foreign legations in Beijing, sanction Christian missionary activity, and legalize the import of opium.Chinas subsequent attempt to block the entry of diplomats into Beijing as well as Britains determination to enforce the new treaty terms led to a renewal of the war in 1859. This time the British and French occupied Beijing and burned the imperial summer castle (Yuan ming yuan). The Beijing conventions of 1860, by which China was forced to reaffirm the terms of the Treaty of Tianjin and make additional concessions, concluded the hostilities. The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict is a dangerous and volatile bureau that has attracted American attention for almost decades.The conflict is a sensitive subject that produces strong emotions in people. This conflict deals with Jewish nationalism, distribution of resources, and politics. About a 100 years ago, Jews underwent a drastic change in their view of themselves. At first a few, and then more, began to call themselves Zionists. Zionism is a term that in its broadest and untimely sense meant simply the return of Jews to their ancestral homeland. That homeland was called Zion (or Israel) and its heart was Jerusalem, known as the City of Zion.Early Zionists were simply pious, non polity-making, religious Jews who thought they could best suffice their faith in the Land of Zion. Some went primarily to pray, to study their religious books, and to await the arrival of the Messiah. Politics played an influential role in their thinking. By the beginning of the 20th century, however, Zionism came to have a policy-making meaning that Jews were not just a religious or ethnic group but were a nation of people w ho should have their own state. Today Zionism is the term for Jewish nationalism.Not all Jews agree upon what Zionism is, but to a point there is agreement, it is upon trip allow things there should be a Jewish state it should be permanent, independent, and secure and Jews who are threatened anywhere in the world should be able to go there to be safe. All other issues-the boundaries of the state, the nature of government, relations with the Palestinians, relations with American Jews, religious law-are in dispute. It is important to understand the Palestinian views . Keep in mind two points. First, people respond to the circumstances in which they live.If ace is rich, one sees problems one way if one is unemployed, one sees it a second way if one owns a small shop, one sees it a third way. One must understand the circumstances in which Palestinians live if we are to understand their positions and actions. Second, there are nearly five million Palestinians. Like Americans, they dis agree on political issues. They also change their minds as new circumstances develop. It is wrong to think Palestinians have a common view that remains unchanged. Their view changed considerably over the years.They view that the Israelis are fetching the land rightfully theirs, and are be bullied by Israelis. They are the ones who had their land taken away from them and are left with no where to live. In 1948, there were approximately 860,000 Palestinians inside todays Israel. About 700,000 were driven out or fled during the fighting that followed the declaration of Israeli statehood. The Palestinian population of Jerusalem went from 75,000 to 3,500 of Jaffa from 70,000 to 3,600 of Haifa from 71,000 to 2,900 of Lydda-Ramle from 35,000 to 2,000 of Tiberias from 5,300 to zero.All refugees lost their property ( active 800,000 acres were taken for Israeli use. ). The 160,000 Palestinians still in Israel in 1949 when the fighting stopped lost another 250,000 acres. The Palestinians in Israel were left without resources or strong leaders. When the Likud Party took power in 1977, it intensified colonization, pouring some $1 billion into settlement building over the next seven years. Today, land taken from the Palestinians and earmarked for military purposes or Jewish settlements amounts to more than 52% of the most fertile areas of the West Bank and 40% of the Gaza Strip.Only a very small percentage of this land was sold willingly by Palestinians. Most of it was confiscated, and is held to be for Jews only-not-just Jews from Israel, but Jews from anywhere in the world. Many newly arrived immigrants from the United States and Russia are given heavily financed housing in the settlements built on seized Palestinian land. 1990, harmonise to Israeli estimates, will divert 83% of the water from the West Bank to Jewish settlements and Israel. The indigenous Palestinians will get only 17% of their own water.This taking of natural resources from the Palestinians, are the r easons for the rise in conflict. To a large extent Jews and Palestinians are geographically concentrated. Most Jews live in Israel and most Palestinians live in the West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem. There are exceptions of flow. Many Jews live in the new ring of suburbs around East Jerusalem and in the new settlements in the West Bank and Gaza. And many Arabs live inside of Israel, oddly in Galilee, including Nazareth, and in the Negev Desert in the South.The first comprehensive peace talks between Israel and delegations re certifying the Palestinians and neighboring Arab states began in October 1991. After Likud lost the parliamentary election of June 1992, Labor party leader Yitzhak Rabin formed a new government. Rabin took a more conciliative line toward the Palestinians and imposed strict limits on new Jewish settlements in the occupied territories. In 1993, after decades of violent conflict between Palestinians and Israelis, leaders from each side agreed to the signing of an historic peace treaty.Palestine Liberation Organization leader Yasir Arafat and Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin met in the United States on September 13 to witness the signing of the treaty, which paved the way for limited Palestinian self-rule in Israeli-occupied territories. The Gaza-Jericho Agreement was signed in Cairo on May 4, 1994, and applies to the Gaza Strip and to a defined area of about 65 square kilometers including Jericho and its environs. The Gaza-Jericho agreement addresses four main issues-security arrangements, civil affairs, legal matters, and economic relations.The scroll includes agreement to a withdrawal of Israeli military forces from Gaza and Jericho, a transfer of authority from the Israeli Civil Administration to a Palestinian Authority, the structure and patch of the Palestinian Authority is a Palestinian police force, and relations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. After intensive diplomatic crusades by the United States, Prime c urate Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel and Yasser Arafat agreed on September 29, 1996 to go to Washington the following week to seek ways out of a war that has put the built-in Israeli-Palestinian peace in jeopardy.Despite the historical tensions of the Middle East, recent issues have arisen to intensify the conflict. Angry Palestinians protested Israels decision to open an archeological site, the issue becoming one more in a growing number of Middle East tensions. The Muslim crowd feared the excavation of an ancient tunnel, right beside the foundations of Jerusalems al Aqsa Mosque compound, would undermine what is the third-holiest enshrine in Islam after Mecca and Medina. The tunnel excavation dispute is only the latest indication of rising tension between Arabs and Israelis.And the latest remnant count is 76 (as of October 1, 1996). In conclusion, this is an issue that deals with politics, uneven distribution of resources, and nationalism, and will take a great effort to come to a n agreement. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a battle that has a long history that will poke out till a mutual understanding and agreement is settled. Until the Israelis and the Palestinians can settle their differences and cooperate with each other, the battle will continue on. No new taxes. This is a quote that most all of us remember from the1992 presidential election. Along with it we remember that there were new taxes during that presidents term in office. There are a myriad of promises made and things done in a presidential election year that have questionable motives as to whether they are done in the best interest of the people or in the interests of the presidential candidate. These hidden interests are one of the biggest problems with the political aspects of government in youthful society.One of the prime examples of this is the Vietnam War. Although South Vietnam asked for our help, which we had previously promised, the entire conflict was managed in order to meet personal political agendas and to remain politically correct in the worlds eyes rather than to bring a quick and decisive end to the conflict. This can be seen in the selective bombing of Hanoi passim the course of the Vietnam War. Politically this strategy looked very good. However, militarily it was ludicrous. War is the one arena in which politicians have no place.War is the militarys sole purpose. Therefore, the U. S. Military should be allowed to admit any war, conflict, or police action that it has been committed to without political interference or control because of the problems and hidden interests which are always present when dealing with civilized United States involvement in the Vietnam War actually began in 1950 when the U. S. began to subsidize the French Army in South Vietnam. This involvement continued to escalate throughout the 1950s and into the early 1960s.On August 4, 1964 the Gulf of Tonkin incident occurred in which American Naval Vessels in South Vietnames e waters were fired upon by northern Vietnam. On August 5, 1964 President Johnson requested a resolution expressing the determination of the United Sates in frequenting freedom and in protecting peace in southeast Asia (Johnson). On August 7, 1964, in response to the presidential request, Congress authorized President Johnson to take all necessary measures to repel any attack and to prevent aggression against the U. S. n southeast Asia (United States).The selective bombing of North Vietnam began immediately in response to this resolution. In March of the following year U. S. troops began to arrive. Although the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution specifically stated that we had no military, political, or territorial ambitions in southeast Asia, the interests back home were quite a different story (Johnson). The political involvement in Vietnam was about much more than just promised aid to a weak country in order to prevent the scatter of communism.It was about money. After all, wars requir e equipment, guns, tools and machinery. Most of which was produced in the United States. It was about proving Americas commitment to stop communism. Or rather to confine communism in its present boundaries But most of all it was about politics. The presidential political involvement in Vietnam had little to do with Vietnam at all. It was about China for Eisenhower, about Russia for Kennedy, about Washington D. C. for Johnson, and about himself for Nixon (Post).The last two of which were the study players in Americas involvement in regards to U. S. Troops being used (Wittman). The military involvement in Vietnam is this instant related to the political management of the military throughout the war. The military controlled by the politicians. The micro management of the military by the White House for political gain is the primary reason for both the length and cost, both monetary and human, of the Vietnam War (Pelland). One of the largest problems was the lack of a clear objective in the war and the support to accomplish it.The predominant military opinion of the militarys role in Vietnam in value to the political involvement is seen in the following quote by public Colin Powell, If youre going to put into something then you owe the armed forces, you owe the American People, you owe just youre own desire to succeed, a clear statement of what political objective youre trying to achieve and then you put the sufficient force to that objective so that you know when youve accomplished it.The politicians dictated the war in Vietnam, it was a limited war, the military was never allowed to fight the war in the manner that they thought that they needed to, in order to win it (Baker). To conclude on the Vietnam War, the political management of the war made it unwinnable. The military was at the mercy of politicians who knew very little about what needed to be done militarily in order to win the war. There is an enormous difference between political judgment and mili tary judgment. This difference is the primary reason for the outcome of the Vietnam War (Schwarzkopf).The United States policy of Vietnamization was a good idea, but the time was not ripe for it to best be used. Nearly all experts in South Vietnam as incapable of intervention a combined threat rated Saigons military strength. True, Vietnamization was not what led to the total withdrawl of troops from Vietnam, but the opinions pressed by Laird had somewhat of an affect on our agreeing to sign a cease-fire agreement. Also, if we had used Vietnamizations program of building up South Vietnams armed forces more extensively, South Vietnam might still be in human beings today.The Gulf War in the Middle East was almost the exact opposite in respect to the political influence on the war. In respect to the military objective of the war the two are relatively similar. The objective was to liberate a weaker country from their aggressor. The United Nations resolution was explicit in its choic e of words regarding military force in the Persian Gulf. The resolution specifically stated by all means necessary. (Schwarzkopf). The President was very aware of the problems with political management of warfare throughout the war.He was very determined to let the military call the shots about how the war was conducted. He made a specific effort to prevent the suggestion that civilians were going to try to run the war (Baker). Painful lessons had been find outed in the Vietnam War, which was still fresh on the minds of many of those concern in this war (Baker). The military was given full control to use force as they saw fit. Many of the top military leaders had also been involved in the Vietnam War. These men exhibited a very strong never again attitude throughout the planning stages of this war.General Schwarzkopf made the following statement about the proposed bombing of Iraq in regards to the limited bombing in Vietnam, I had no doubt we would bomb Iraq if I was going to be t he Military Commander. He went on to say that it would be absolutely stupid to go into a military campaign against his, Iraqs, forces who had a tremendous advantage on us on the ground, poem wise. It would be ludicrous not to fight the war in the air as much, if not more, than on the ground (Schwarzkopf). The result of the Gulf War in which the military was given control, as we know, was a quick, decisive victory.There were many other factors involved in this than just the military being given control, particularly in contrast to Vietnam, but the military having control played a major part in this victory. In conclusion, although there are some major differences between the two conflicts one fact can be seen very clearly. That is the fact that the military is best suited for conducting wars. Politicians are not. It is not the place of a politicians to be involved in the decision making process in regards to war or military strategy. The White House has significant control in milit ary matters.That control should be used to help the military in achieving its goals, as it was in the Gulf War where George Bush said specifically to let the military do its job. The only alternative to this is to use political influence in the same way that it was used in Vietnam. If we do not learn from these lessons that are so obvious in the differences between these two conflicts then we are condemned to repeat the same mistakes. Lets just pray that it does not take the death of another 58,000 of Americas men to learn that the politicians place is not in war but in peace (Roush).

Central Asia: Geography, Culture and Economy Essay

Russia is the largest country in the knowledge domain in terms of area covered. The gigantic size of this country has made it exhibit monotony and diversity in its physical and human geography. The eastern plains of Russia from north to south are covered sequentially by tundra, taiga or coniferous forests, interracial forests with trees that have characteristic all-inclusive leaves, steppe or grasslands and a semi desert on the fringes of the Caspian Sea. These changes in vegetation are mainly as a result of climate changes. The eastern European plain covers close of European Russia.The western Siberian plain is the largest plain in the world, and stretches from the Urals to Yenisei River (Rowntree, 2011). The topography and vegetation is usually very uniform in the natural zones. Russia so presents a delusion of uniformity. Most of the major vegetation zones of the world are found in Russia except tropical rain forest (Rowntree, 2011). Nearly 11 % of Russia is tundra. This type of vegetation is tree-less and is found in the north most part of Russia extending from the border with Finland in the west to the Bering Strait to the east.This stretch the covers from Kamchatka peninsula in the north to the pacific coast in the south. The taiga is the vastest natural region in Russia. Covers eastern Russia and western Siberia plains to the north and accounts for 60% of Russia (Rowntree, 2011). Very few tracts of land in the taiga are agriculturally viable. Those fitting for far-offming are located in the European fraction of Russia. The taiga is however the worlds biggest reserve of coniferous forests. A large section of the mixed forest has been cleared for agricultural purposes due to its agriculture potential.This is especially in Eastern Europe. The steppe is as well favorable for agriculture due to modest temperatures and sufficient substance of sunshine and moisture. However, the area is at times adversely affected by excess rainfall and disastrous dro ught and very dry soils (Rowntree, 2011). There has been found a linkage between poor health and obliteration of ecosystems in Russia. Environmental degradation control measures who ordinarily ignored in Russia till the mid-nineties when the government realized a vast area of the country was under ecological stress.The three major adverse environment conditions in Russia include the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl Ukraine in 1986, aridity of the Aral Sea and irradiation of northern Kazakhstan which is a nuclear testing site (Rowntree, 2011). The cost of rectifying these three events is by far more than the cost of any mitigation efforts else where in the world. Currently nearly 85% of the air in urban Russia is polluted. About 75% of the surface peeing in Russia is also polluted. Most of the rivers in Russia are agents of waterborne di seases.Nearly 80 million hectares of farm land in Russia has been exposed to industrial toxics, pesticides and another(prenominal) chemicals (Rown tree, 2011). Most of the forests in Russia have also been affected by acid rain from the European and Siberian industries. Radioactive contamination of the water has spread to the Japanese sea resulting into a conflict between the two countries. Indigenous people are currently set about with a tremendous crisis with the dawn of globalization. They are faced with extinction, survival or renewal in a continuously globalizing world.These communities lack a voice and are easily cleared by market forces (Rowntree, 2011). globalization is therefore not only a marginalization factor for the indigenous communities, but a threat to their very existence. Indigenous people are normally found in the worlds most pristine areas which are most sought after by developers. Such areas are rich in forests, minerals among other valuable natural resources. New technological advances are also alienating the native communities (Rowntree, 2011). Global economic agreements have also contributed to the demi se of hunters and gatherers.Finally, most indigenous people have ended up being displaced to pave way for activities such as mining and dam construction (Rowntree, 2011). Most governments do not consult the native communities when making decision concerning international trade. These communities are a rich reserve of indigenous knowledge and culture which are rattling in the preservation of the natural world (Rowntree, 2011). Hard access to the coast does not necessarily obstruct trade and industry development on growing nations. Nonetheless, developing countries, which lack access to the sea, record reduced trade expansion,Europe being the only exemption to this occurrence. Being land locked has a major blackball impact on trade thus affecting the countrys economy (Rowntree, 2011). Land -lockedness is estimated to reduce trade by about 80%. The maintain between a landlocked country and the nearest port is a major factor affecting trade level disparities among landlocked countri es. This is a author why most of aboriginal Asia countries are economically affected by their geographic location compared to land locked nations in Europe whose distance is shorter compared to those in important Asia (Rowntree, 2011).For instance, Switzerland and Austria are more advantaged compared to land locked countries in central Asia because these countries lack the bargaining power for reduced transit costs (Rowntree, 2012). Compared to land locked countries in Europe, those in central Asia are remotely located from major world markets. Central Asia is divided into three major zones physically. These are northern belt steppes (north of Caspian sea, Dzungaria and Tarim basin), southern belt, south of Aral sea (Khorezm, Amu Darya) and north east Iran desert (Khorasan and Margiana) (Rowntree, 2011).Islam is the major religion in central Asia with most of them being Sunni. Initially Zoroastrianism was the major religion. It had roots in Afghanistan. Buddhism was also parking area before arrival of Islam. Among the Turkic people, Tengriansim was more ballpark before Islam was introduced. In Mongolia, the most common religion is Tibetan Buddhism. In this region shamanism is also common. A form of Christianity called Nestoriansm was commonly practiced in central Asia. Russian is the most common language in this region.However, mandarin Chinese is also common in Mongolia (Rowntree, 2011). Turkmen is mainly spoken by former Soviet Union central Asia nations. Other languages include Tibetan language spoken in the Tibet plateau. Central Asia is also at the cross road of shamantic and Buddhism practices. There is also a form of oral poetry chiefly practiced in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. picture taking is also common in former Soviet Union nations such as Uzbekistan due to the influence of Russia. Other forms of arts include Manas which is a elan of singing in Kyrgyzstan (Rowntree, 2011).Among the five major nations in central Asia, Kazakhstan is the most ec onomically empowered followed by Turkmenistan. The poorest of these nations is Kyrgyzstan with a gross domestic product per capita of $850. economical progress has been held back by the fact that this region is negatively affected by external influences and has for time served as a battle ground for world powers. Despite its rich natural resources, the region in general has not been able to exert its control on these resources (Rowntree, 2011).

Represents human nature Essay

The conscious decisions of people to act upon negative emotions, damages and ultimately destroys our relationships with fellow hu world beings. Gray explores this humor finished Poem to my Father, a personal and confessional letter directed towards the personas father, whom is believed to be Grays father a man who neglected Gray as a child as a result of his drinking, indifference and gambling. The persona believes that his father destroyed the paternal relationship and represents this through affective language and words with negative connotations evoking emptiness and disconnection within Poem to my Father.In you, now signifying nothing Thats all at that place is to say. The word nothing displays the completeness of the disconnection while all connotes an all-consuming topic. Thus when used together create the idea of all-consuming disconnection between the persona and his father. (Can talk slightly the use of punctuation. Full stop creates finality. )Gray contrasts the elem ents of nature with human nature in order to show humanitys intrinsic destructive nature.This juxtaposition reveals the idea of nature destructing for replenishment, whereas humanity destructs subconsciously for satisfaction and self-fulfillment. Consequently the issue highlighted is that of human nature not allowing for complete satisfaction, resulting in a cycle of destruction for both the individual and the environment. Grays poem Flames and Dangling Wire vividly explores the destruction of the natural environment due to humanitys actions. It is a man, wiping his eyes. individual who worked here would have to weep Knowing all that he does about us, how can he avoid a hatred of men? The imperative and emotive language tugs upon the readers heartstrings as the guilt of this man is placed upon the reader. The harsh imagery used earlier in the poem cumulates until this point of the poem, when righteousness is seen through the mans pain. As a responder to the text, I believe that Gr ay recognizes this mans innocence individually, as he tries to champion through his work.Yet this man is still seen to be feeling the pain caused by the destruction of the environment, reflecting humanitys responsibility as a undivided and not simply a portion of the population. Gray therefore uses the didactic nature of his work to impart his value placed on the respect and justification of the environment. The selfishness of man is seen in the tenth stanza. This is how it shall be after men have gone. It will be made of things that worked. The future tense of this stanza assists in creating textual justness and understanding within the poem.No matter the context of the reader, the future tense causes them to reflect upon their actions, furthering Grays didacticism within the text. The one phrase reflecting on the sometime(prenominal) within the stanza however, is made of things that worked. The idea portrayed by Gray is one of comparison. He compares the things that worked humans creations which they have dumped to natures creations and processes things that will hap to work. Thus the comparison used by Gray is effective in exemplifying humanitys short-term view and ultimately the intrinsic and lots subconscious nature of destruction.

Psychology’s Classical Theorist Essay

In the field of psychology, Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung, developed one-third distinct theories of reputation that to this day, continue to be the foundations on which all new-fangled psychological theories atomic number 18 built. All three of these remarkable men knew and worked with for each one other. When Adler and Jung praised Freuds book on dream interpretation, they were invited to join Freuds circle of peers, who met weekly at his home in Vienna, Austria (Engler, 2006). At these meetings they discussed new and groundbreaking aspects of psychopathology (Comer, 2008).Freud, Adler, and Jung are unequivocally the most influential figures in late psychology (Comer, 2008). Freuds concept of the id, the ego, and the superego, are the underlying factors that began all three tutors of thought and that provide the foundations of modern psychology (Engler, 2006).Freud believed that the id had no contact with reality and worked on the pleasure principle and hedonisti c wants, with no faith involved. The ego develops as children experience the demands and constraints of reality. It uses reasoning to make decisions. The superego is concerned with right and wrong, it is the moral compass, the conscience in each individual (Comer, 2008). Freud believed that people are unaware of the most important personality processes. Like an iceberg, only the small portion of the conscious mind is accessible and above the water. The preconscious, just out of reach, and the subconscious, deeply repressed, is at a lower place the water completely. These are the reason for most problems with behavior and the personality, according to Freud (Nystul, 2006).Freud also theorized that the personality was formed by early childhood experiences, called psychosexual stages (Engler, 2006). If a childs basic needs are not being met during one of these stages, the child may become fixated or stuck in that stage. For example, if an adult smokes, he or she could be said to be orally fixated. According to Freud, infants at the oral stage use their mouths to look their environment (Engler, 2006).Freuds emphasis on sexuality is one of the main reasons why Adler and Jung disagreed with him. They thought that Freud erect entirely too much emphasison the libido and sexual energy in children. Freud and Adler met every Wednesday for eleven years (Comer, 2008). In 1911, Alder, along with eight colleagues, broke away from Freuds circle to form the school of Individual Psychology (Engler, 2006).Adlers speculation differed from Freuds in that it focuses on the person as a whole. The Adlerian term, individual psychology, refers to the human being as indivisible, as opposed to Freuds view of an individual being, internally divided (Engler, 2006). For Adler, each aspect of the personality points in the same direction (Nystul, 2006).Adler saw how humans unite with one another, with family, with friends, with community, and with society as a whole. He believed that this interconnectedness is essential for an individual to develop and to smash (Comer, 2008).Each person develops uniquely, according to acquired experiences, both past and present. The process st tricks at infancy, as children compare themselves to old children and adults, they experience feelings of inferiority (Engler, 2006). This is a normal reaction to the awareness of not being able to do as one pleases. These feelings motivate people to strive towards usefulness and to become contributing members of the family, the group, and the society at large (Nystul, 2006).Carl Gustav Jung, long an admirer of Freud, met him in Vienna, Austria in 1907, after Jung praised Freuds book, The Interpretation of Dreams (Comer, 2008). At this historic meeting they talked for 13 hours (Nystul, 2006). Freud thought that Jung, twenty years his junior, was to become his heir apparent. In 1910, Jung did become the first of all president of the International Psychoanalytic Association (Engler, 2006) . However, in 1914, Jung broke away from Freud, primarily because he disagreed with Freuds view of sexuality (Nystul, 2006).Using his own theories, he then began the school of Analytical Psychology.Jungs theory of personality divides the psyche into three distinct parts the ego, consisting of the conscious mind, the personal unconscious, which contains thoughts, memories, and experiencesthat are not currently conscious, but can be, and the collective unconscious (Nystul, 2006). The collective unconscious could be described as a psychic inheritance (Comer, 2008). It could also be a type of reservoir of the human experience as a species. Yet, the individual is never conscious of its presence (Feist, 1985).Jungs Archetypes of the Personality evolve from the collective unconscious. These are the persona and its shadow, the female anima and male animus, and the self. Jung felt that until balance could be found within these archetypes in each individual, the complete realization of the s elf could not be achieved (Comer, 2008).The son of a pastor, Jung had a great fill in spirituality and its effects on the personality. His studies and knowledge of eastern philosophy, yoga, and meditation seduce certainly had an opposition on his theories and have contributed greatly to todays holistic approach to overall health (Nystul, 2006). Jungs theories and writings have had a major impact on contemporary thought in legion(predicate) areas such as art, music, and literature (Douglas, 2005).Jung also coined the term synchronicity, which can be defined as meaty coincidences occurring in everyday life (Engler, 2006). Jung claimed that there exists a synchrony between the mind and the phenomenal knowledge domain of perception in each individual. For example, thoughts of an old friend fill ones mind in the evening. The next morning, that particular friend calls, or news about them is received, out of the blue. However, no physical indorse has been found to support this idea (Strogatz, 2004).Although Freud, Adler, and Jung had their unique theoretical differences, they also shared many commonalities. For instance, they all utilise hypnosis and dream interpretation as therapeutic tools to treat their patients (Comer, 2008). They also all agreed on the enormousness of early life experiences and the existence of unconscious processes (Nystul, 2006).In the field of psychology, Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung, developed three distinct theories of personality that to this day continueto be the foundations on which all modern psychological theories are built. In their day, these three men were on the cutting edge of the newest science of western civilization. If not for Freud, Alder, and Jung psychology would not have evolved into the field that it is today.ReferencesComer, Ronald, J. (2008). Fundamentals of abnormal psychology. (5th edition). New York, NY. Worth Publishers.Douglas, C. (2005). Current psychotherapies. (7th Edition). (pgs. 96-129). Itasca, Ill. F.E. Peacock.Engler, Barbara. (2006). Personality theories. (7th Edition). Boston, MA. Houghton, Mifflin Company.Feist, J. (1985). Theories of personality. New York, NY. Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.Nystul, Michael (2006). Introduction to counseling, an art and science perspective (3rd Edition). Boston, MA. Pearson, Allyn, & Bacon.Strogatz, Steven, H. (2004). SYNC How order emerges from chaos in the universe, nature, and daily life. New York, NY. Hyperion.NOTE FROM reference The only comments from my professor were about APA formatting, like margins, and double spacing the bibliography. No points were lost for this.

Future of the Juvenile Justice System Essay

Even with totally the money and effort spent on the adult justice system the recidivism rate is astonishing. When we hear experient sayings like you cant train an old dog new tricks or you oblige to tanginess the problem in the bud or if you acceptt want a rotten apple, dont go to the barrel go to the tree, do we realize the effect these concepts could have on the disgust? If we realize its difficult to teach old offenders new behaviors and actually focus our efforts on nipping the problem in the bud or attempt to save the apple from spoiling trance its still young and on the tree, we imparting be able-bodied to positively affect detestation in the novel and adult justice systems.The Juvenile Justice SystemJuvenile justice first received sponsor in the Supreme hook in the 1960s in a content called Kent v. United States this case started the due process for juveniles. The Supreme Court stated that the informal process of discouragemining whether a juvenile should be tried in juvenile or in adult court failed to supply comfortable due process protection for kidren. The Court held that before a minor is transferred to adult court the minor is entitled to an informal hearing where the trial court must articulate the reasons for the transfer so that the child can have an adequate record for appellate review. (www.answers.com) One year later in 1967 the Court heard a nonher case In Re Gault the Court monishmined that juveniles must at to the lowest degree receive alternative equivalents. Thus, in a juvenile entrustingful neglect trial, children are entitled to (1) notice of the charges, (2) a right to counsel, (3) a right to confrontation and cross-exami terra firma, and (4) a privilege against self-incrimination.(www.answers.com) The history from that point on has been easily moving to giving juveniles the equal protections as adults in the justice systems.Academic experts have long recognised that crime is a young mans game. The typical criminal is a male who begins his vocation at 14 or 15, continues through his mid-20s and then tapers off into retirement. Three statistics demonstrate the disproportionate come to of those under the age of 18 on criminal activity While comprising roughly one-sixth of the nations population, they make up a full one-quarter of all people arrested and account for nearly third base of the arrests for the seven crimes in theUniform Crime Index (homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, vehicle theft and larceny). (www.Ihc.ca.gov)Juvenile experts intrust the reasons why some juveniles commit crimes against golf club are because there are umteen square offs that shape their decisions.The family is, therefore, an classic factor in the forces that determine delinquency. The family determines a childs class, structure, and development, and the nourishing process is vital to constitution of a childs development. Family exerts the or so influence on a human bein g. Any heavy disturbance in one or both parents can produce a devastating prejudicial impact on a juvenile. (Wickliffe, 2000)Environment plays a role in the lives of juveniles. It affects the manner in which they ordain pit to the situations presented to them. The juveniles friends and associates influence and guide most of the decisions that are made. Juveniles usually commit crimes as a group and not so much on an soulfulness basis.Juvenile Programs to Prevent CrimeBecause of the many root of crime, no single preventive chopineme is the silver bullet that will halt juvenile crime. only mentoring is a type of youthfulness platform that has seen positive results. Communities throughout the nation have realized that trained, blaspheme law enforcement officers assigned to nurtures make a difference. Mentoring has been around for hundreds of years, yet it is a newly developing dash in law enforcement. When the lives of troubled youths are examined the triggers for their ac tions are doubled Parents have failed, schools have failed, public organizations have failed, and communities have failed. The concept that there are consequences linked to decisions and actions is not passed down to children. To reinvigorate these elements into society requires that multiple strategies that be put into place according to specific needs of families, neighborhoods and communities.Purpose of the mentoring programThe purpose of the mentoring program is to teach at risk youth and their families about substance abuse, crime prevention, gang resistance, and positive community involvement. In 2002 the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that mentoring is a recognized rage prevention strategy and is most effective for youth in middle childhood (6-11years old). Since mentoring is most effective from an earlyage, it is imperative that the program begin at the kindergarten level and follow throughout the adolescent years. Participating in the mentoring programs provides alternatives to criminal delinquency and hereafter criminal behavior. The mentoring program will introduce youth to the police officers and allow the youth to force more accepting of the police officers role in society.Participants of the mentoring programThe mentoring program will be focused on young people and their families who are at risk by virtue of individual factors (e.g. hyperactivity, and get wording disabilities), family situation (e.g. unemployment, parental absences or incapacity) or community aspects (e.g., dangerous neighborhood) that may lead to crime and violence. The program will also be available to youth involved with guns, gangs, and drugs or exhibit deserted or near delinquent behavior or youth who have witnessed or experienced violenceLocation of programThe mentoring program will take place in every public school within the State of Utah.Time frame of programThe mentoring program will be continuously running financial year to fiscal year with the assista nce of the Utah State Legislature, the Department of Education, the federal government programs and local anaesthetic municipality programs.General overview of programParticipating schools will benefit from the program. Local police departments will designate the officers in charge of each territory of the designated areas. Along with local community members, law enforcement officers will work with the youth on a variety of educational programs aimed at deterring youth and their families from crime while allowing the youth to learn valuable life-long learning skills.Juvenile Courts and CorrectionsBecause programs will not deter all juvenile crime, Juvenile courts and department of corrections will continue to play a vital role in developing our youth. With methodical and compute use of our courts and correctional systems in a juvenile justice world, we will attempt to prevent and deter crime overall. If we smartly invest money in the juvenile justice system, specifically in courts and corrections, we will ultimately savemoney by deterring youth from committing crimes as adults.Because children often imitate their parents behaviors, when parents are introduced into the Justice system for crimes they have committed, DCFS will be dispatched to the offenders residence. There they will assess and evaluate the home including the parents ability to properly raise children. Due to importance of parental carriage in the lives of children, parents may defer time in prison by attending various requisite self serve and parenting classes along with community service. In substance abuse cases, parents will be postulate to go to become drug by attending rehab and drug charge.In the cases where these programs fail to prevent crime, counseling and behavior modification courses and activities will be the main objective for youth. However if these programs also fail a more tough love type of program will be enforced. Programs like Scared smashing where at risk youth are taken to prisons to see what awaits them if they continue in their musical modes. On this same vein, juvenile correction centers will be strict and more like adult prison. Instead of make it easy or dorm like, it will be a place that juveniles hope never to tabulator to.PrivatizationIn order to fund these programs, we recommend many of the programs and specifically the juvenile detention/correction centers, be outsourced to the personal sector. Private companies wishing to be considered for outsourcing need to have been in business for a reasonable space of time (at least 5 years) and have contracts and facilities that are successfully ran in the private sector. The boards decision to build future facilities privately has many advantages. First, recent public opinion has not been golden toward the idea of using taxpayer dollars to build new jails. Education and transportation projects usually garner more support. In addition, private investors can build future facilities faste r and cheaper than a public sponsored eagerness since they are able to take the lowest bid from a contractor.Public sponsored buildings on-the- early(a)-hand, must receive numerous bids from contractors, and in the end, does not guarantee that the lowest bid will be used. Private investors usually have an easier time securing the estate of the realm that will be needed to build the facility. Privateinvestors are also able to secure contracts with other companies at a better rate. These contracts are for services such as, food, medical, and clothing services. These sub-contract companies are willing to provide cheaper rates for long running contracts. Tight budgets are always an issue with any project. With the use of a private investor, the legislature can sign a contract and know exactly how much the facility will cost.In addition to being privately funded, the board is also recommending the privatization of all daily work inherent with new facilities. These private, sub-contrac t businesses will control all of the following in the facilityDay-to-day perplexity and management of all jail operations.Complete facility management, including design, construction, maintenance and renovation.All personnel services including hiring, training, payroll department and benefits.Screening, booking and releasing of all inmates.Complete health care for all inmates including dental care and stack care.Educational, vocational, work and faith-based programming.Food and Nutrition services.Transportation services, including extraditions and court appearances.The decision to go private will lower the States liability from inmate lawsuits. The State will be considered indemnified through a hold-harmless clause in the contract with a private company. The private company will adhere to the American correctional Association (ACA) guidelines and by doing so limit the countys liability.Programs Inside Juvenile Detention CentersPrograms offered at future juvenile facilities will be for the benefit of the inmates and the communities theywill eventually reside in. Listed below are the programs and think benefits.Program one Read and Write Tutoring. Read and write tutoring will be offered to the inmates free of charge. This program will help the inmates learn to read and write past a 4th or fifth grade level. This program helps to educate the inmates so they will have a better chance at finding a decent job after they leave the jail.Program two GED. The jail will provide GED classes for inmates of age (17), wishing to earn his or her certificate. The program will be taught by volunteers and will conduct classes four times a week. The inmate will have to master five reconcile areas reading, writing, mathematics, social studies and science. Studies have shown that GED attainment lowers recidivism rates by 20%.(MCSO website).Program three censorious Thinking. Critical thinking is a program designed to help the inmate change their way of thinking in certain si tuations. This program uses conflict to teach correct reactions to real life problems. The program will help the inmate understand consequences are the natural reaction to all decisions.Program four 12 grade Program. 12 step programs are available for any inmate that wants to overcome an addiction to drugs and/or alcohol. This program when followed will enable the inmates to stop using these harmful substances. This will help the inmate enter society without an addiction, specifically with drugsProgram 10 Anger Management. Anger Management is offered for the benefit of the inmates. This class helps demonstrate why controlling anger and taking the time to think before reacting to lifes problems is important. This program will allow the inmate to slow down and pinpoint where their aggression starts. This helps the inmate once they are released from jail, because as they enter society, they will need to control their temper.ConclusionAs mentioned, youth commit a disproportionate amoun t of societyscrime. Police have a saying Theres no such thing as an old street gangster. Either they end up in prison where they cannot commit street crimes or they end up dead. It is our goal to prevent crime and deter criminal behavior by teaching youth. We will accomplish this with mentoring programs beginning in grade school, having the justice system/DCSF step in when parents criminal behavior will effect and influence their childrens behavior. Our juvenile detention centers will be strict but also offer many programs aimed at teaching young offenders new behaviors giving them new tools on how to live in society. The way we will pay for the additional costs for these programs is by privatizing youth detention centers.Referenceshttp//www.Ihc.ca.gov/Ihcdir/127rp.html Retrieved attest 15, 2008.http//www.homepage.ntlworld.com/gary.sturt/crime/theocrim.htm Retrieved run into 15, 2008Wickliffe, J. 2000. hhtp//yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/unit/2000/2/00.02.07.x.htmle Retrieved March 15 , 2008http//www.njjjc.com/pdf/jjcsucessBW_2006_04.pdf Retrieved March 15, 2008http//ojjdp.ncjrs.org/funding/fy07awards.html Retrieved March 15, 2008http//www.answers.com/topic/juvenile-justice-system-in-re-gault-and-the-constitution Retrieved March 15, 2008

Flipkart Case Study Essay

barefacedkart.com is a story of the two young information playing system science graduates brothers Sachin Bansal (26) and Binny Bansal (25) from IIT-Delhi 2005 batch who left their jobs in amazon.com (an American multinational E-commerce comp each) in 2007 with a dream to ferment Indias top retail Outlet In E-commerce Industry. They came up with an idea to sell takes including novels online. all overturn karts clock timeline shows it was to start as a price comparison platform, but there werent enough e-commerce locates to compare. So, some(prenominal) the Bansals, who were colleagues at IITDelhi, and then at Amazon.com, thought, why not start an e-commerce site? That was the genesis of somerset kart. From an initial investment of Rs. 4 Lakh this So they started to thrust a website, although it was a larger task to grow a website with 50,000 titles but wouldnt be impossible for IITians so finally they scored which took about a month and a half to start a basic workin g website with 50,000 titles and grown our catalogue to over 1 Lakh available titles. On 5th September 2007 they launched the companys URL i.e. confusekart.com for the first time in just an apartment room. . The website was launched on 15th Oct 2007. Flip kart is an Indian ecommerce company headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka. From a start-up with an investment of just four lakh rupees, Flip kart has grown into a 100 million gross online retail giant in just five years.Flip kart focused on online sales of books initially. The process involved in online shopping for books has g angiotensin converting enzymeness through drastic changes and is more secure right now. A customer could use our user-friendly web page to place an order, once the order is placed online the book is taken off the online inventory. In case of unavailability it go away be purchased from a supplier. The Book will then get packed and couriered on the same day. Flip kart is currently tied up with just abou t 12 courier profit providers. Flip kart also use Indian Postal services to drop dead areas without courier providers. Logistics play an important role in our business. But it later expanded to electronic goods and a variety of other productions. The key differentiators are Availability of variety of goods of various categories, online shopping experience on the site and post sales experience. away from this the Cash on Delivery service is also one of the main reasons which keep it apart fromother E-commerce portals. The cash-on-delivery model adopted by Flip kart has proven to be of great significance since credit card and net banking penetration is very low in India. . Flip kart offers multiple payment methods like credit card, debit card, net banking, e-gift voucher, and Cash on Delivery. IDEABinny Bansal and Sachin Bansal axiom a good opportunity in the market around e-commerce. Also, regular job was not as challenging. The excitement and satisfaction that comes with buildi ng something of a long lasting jimmy is addictive enough for them to march on this. They started flipkart.com because they themselves felt the need for a good online book store. E-commerce sector is one of the toughest to get into in India. They call back that they can make a difference here. They wanted to create something which has a long lasting value and which we can be proud of. An attractive neutral name is what they looked for. Good domain names were gruelling to get. They were looking at at names that did not just speak of books alone, but one that could suit any category of Products that we may add in future. Also, they wanted to have a catchy name with advanced recall potential. Flip kart could in simple terms mean Flipping things into your Kart.CURRENT POSITION OF FLIP KARTFlip kart started with selling books. In 2010, they added to their catalogue media (including music, movies and games) and mobile phones and accessories. In 2011, product launches included cameras , computers, pens & office supplies, computer accessories, syndicate and kitchen appliances, personal care, health care, gaming consoles, audio players and televisions. In 2012, product launches includes health & beauty products, Life dah products which includes watches, belts, bags & luggage. In November 2011, Flip kart launched a new Electronic Wallet feature that allows shoppers to purchase credit to their Flip kart account using credit or debit cards, and can subsequently be utilised to make purchases on the site, as and when required. From June 2012, Flip kart allowed people to buy toys, posters and from October 2012, Flip kart entered into apparel retailing.ACQUISITIONS MADE BY FLIPKART.COM2010 WE demonstrate, social book discovery tool2011 MIME260, a digital content platform com2011 Chakpak.com is a bolly wood news site that offers updates, news photos and videos 2012 Letsbuy.com is Indias second largest e-retailer in electronics. Flip kart has bought the company for an e stimated US$25 million.ACHIEVEMENTS MADE BY FLIPKART.COMFlip kart owners have been featured in Business Today as one of the top 25 start-ups of 2009.They have been also nominated for Ernst and young award for the best entrepreneur of 2010. Apart from that they have been featured multiple times in start up news as comfortably as mainstream news. Today, they are recognized as number one in the industry. As a evidence to the superior customer experience, the company has consistently recorded repeat purchase rates of more than 50%. They have also managed to get a registered buyer in every small town and urban center and hope to constantly improve their service standards. Flip karts reported sales as follows-IN FY 20082009- 40 millionIN FY 20092010- 200 millionIN FY 20102011- 750 millionIN FY 20112012- set to cross the 5 billionAs Internet usage in the country increases and people get accustomed to qualification purchases online. Flip kart projects its sales to reach US$1billion b y year 2014 and is aiming at generating a revenue of 50 billion (US$1billion)2015. Ranks among the countries top 30 website.Customer base of more than 2 million.30 shipment on daily basisDaily sales have increased to 2.5 crores.POPULAR PRODUCT CATEGORIES1. Clothing T-shirts, Jeans, Sports Wear, Trousers, and so on2. Footwear Casual Shoes, Formal Shoes, Flats, Heels, etcetera3. Beauty & Personal Care Trimmers, Shavers, Soaps, Brushes, etc. 4. Mobiles& Tablets Samsung, Micromax, Nokia, Sony, etc.5. Laptops & Accessories HP, Dell, Sony, Lenovo, penitentiary Drives, etc. 6. Books Literature & Fiction, Biographies, Novels, EBooks, etc. 7. Baby Care & Toys Vehicle & Action Toys, Stuffed Toys, Diapers, etc. 8. Sports & Fitness Cricket, Football, Basketball, Badminton, etc.TOP BRANDS1. Clothing Adidas, Puma, Reebok, Lee, etc.2. Footwear Puma, Adidas, Reebok, Fila, etc.3. Watches Casio, Fastrack, Citizen, Timex, etc.4. TV Sony, LG, Samsung, Philips, Panasonic, etc.5. Sports & Fitness Speed o, Nivia, Yonex, Cosco commerce MODELCreating and maintaining a person-to-person trading community Function as a value added facilitator come through a supportive infrastructureZero inventory & without having traditional sales forceProfit centers home(prenominal) businessInternational business andPaymentLargest online trading forumCompelling and entertaining environmentEstablishing cuss & safety programsCost effective and Convenient tradingStrong community affinityAn intuitive user interfaceORDER LIFECYCLEGet the itemProcure from Supplier (Just-in-time) (Supplier selection)Keep Inventory (Inventory Prediction, Planning)Clean & visit for sanityPages missing, MRP printed lesser than told to youPack the itemTamper proof, weather proof, breakage proofSelect courier & hand-overCourier performances vary across regions a LOTGet tracking id & communicate to customer recap for timely deliveryTake care of returns (faulty product/user changes their mind) Minimize returnsMARKETING STRATEGYFli p kart has been mostly marketed by word of mouth advertising. Customer satisfaction has been their best marketing medium. Flipkart very wisely used SEO (Search Engine Optimization) and Google Ad-words as the marketing tools to have a far reach in the online world. Flipkart.com authorized Face book page has close to 9 lakh likes. Flipkart recently launched a series of 3 ads with the tag line No Kidding No worries Kids were used to create the adverts to send out the message if a kid can do it, you can also do it. All in all to create a great customer experience.EXPANSION PLANSThey aim at 10 times growth and look at $ 1Billion sales by 2015. They will look at bigger investments in their supply grasp and technology. Investment will be made in large warehouses and increased automation of their process, so that the product is not delayed. They intend to enter in to various new categories and expand their current categories as well. Everything keep out for groceries and automobiles w ill be available on Flipkart in future. To go further in the value chain, Flipkart is looking at associations with a larger number of suppliers and partners, both nationally and internationally.PERSONEL ANALYSISGreat customer serviceEasy to use website, hassle free payment systemCash on delivery/ measure on delivery mode of paymentFocused on user experienceADVANTAGESAttract users to the siteProvide selectionMake it easy to Find & Discover productsProvide details to evaluate a productDescription, Specifications, UGC.Price wellHave to be competitive to the most obvious optionsProvide well-provided payment optionsOnline, CODConfirm paymentCONCLUSIONThey started off in 2007 by setting up three centres across India without funding. Six months ago, they reached number one status. They are also four times bigger than their nearest competitor. The company started off small today they have grown ten times over the last one year and aim to touch the Rs 400 crore mark by March 2013.

Fairness Principle

Compare and contrast the guiding principles of the Global Business Standards leaf-book and the Mixed Framework principles. Global business standards codex captures eight major underlying principles in which estim fitting behavior can be interpreted and evaluated. The eight ethical principles are fiduciary, property, reliability, transparency, dignity. rectitude, citizenship and responsiveness. Fiduciary Principle. As function of the legal structure of a business organization, each officer and director of a company has a legal fiduciary duty to act in the best interest of the stakeholders and other employees within the immobile.Furthermore, in that location is in any case an implied fiduciary duty for every employee within the organization to also act in a way that generates positive benefits for the firm. Property Principle. The property principle is found on the touch that every employee should extol property as well as the rights of the owners of the property. This princip le has been expanded to intangible property and now also includes the misappropriation of intellectual property or other types of information.It expected that an employee would protect the tangible and intangible assets of the firm and the employee should be a good steward to the resources the employee has access to. Reliability Principle. It is base on the belief that it is the employees responsibility to honor the commitments he or she has made to the firm. It is expected that the employees will follow through with the promises and commitments that endure been made between the employees and the firm. Transparency Principle. It is ground on the belief that every employee should conduct business in a truthful and open manner.It is expected that the employees will not make decisions based on a personal agenda and not to act in a descriptive manner and to keep consummate and current records of all the business obligations that are currently the responsibility of the employee. Dign ity Principle. It is based on the belief that each employee needs to respect the dignity of all individuals. It encourages the enhancement of human development not further within the company and marketplace, but also in the society at large. in that respectfore, any type of dismay coercion, or other type of human offenses is in direct violation of the dignity principle.Fairness Principle. It is based on the belief that stakeholders who obtain a vested interest in the firm should be treated plumb. There are four types of fairness reciprocal fairness, distributive fairness, fair competition and procedural fairness. Reciprocal fairness addresses the issues of treating another party fairly and having the other party treat the firm fairly. Distributive fairness is based on the assumption that the allocation of finite resources within the firm will be distributed fairly based on maximizing the benefits of those allocations.Fair competition focuses on the fair treatment given by the f irm as it interacts with its existing and potential competitors, Procedural fairness deals with ensuring that parties that interact with the firm are treated fairly from a due process perspective. Citizenship Principle. It is based on the belief that every employee should act as a responsible for(p) citizen in the community of interests. It is also expected that employees respect the laws of the community. Furthermore, it is expected that employees protect and preserve public goods or leafy vegetable available to the community. It is also expected that employees should be cooperative with community officials.Responsiveness Principle. It is based on the belief that employees have a responsibility to respond to requests for information about the operations from the various stakeholders. As a result, employees mustiness not only reply to stakeholders request for information, but also be responsive to ideas presented by the stakeholders to abet improve the operations of the firm. A responsive firm is expected to react in a timely manner to resolve any outstanding issues that have been raised by the employees, interest groups, suppliers, the local community and any other stakeholders that has a vested interest in the company.Mixed Framework principlesa)Fidelity an individual needs to keep lucid and implicit promises.b)Reparation an individual must act an repairing the consequences for previous wrongful acts.c)Gratitude an individual must be able to show gratitude for the kindnesses that others have given him or her.d)Justice an individual should try to see that any goods are fairly distributed.e)Beneficence an individual should focus on trying to improve the lives of others.f)Self-improvement an individual should improve oneself by focusing on virtue and intelligence.g)Noninjury an individual should not cause any harm to others.

Filipino Teen-Ager’s Perspective on the Use of Herbs for Health and Body Care

INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Herbs be essential ingredients today. Different kinds of products made of it ar right a carriage spr awaying. Examples atomic number 18 herb tea tea soaps for whitening the skin, herbal tea tea for cleansing the trunk, herbal bull supplements for hair return, etc. But it is primarily habituate of goods and servicesd for medical exam and wellness purposes. An herb, as stated by the Microsoft Encarta Dictionaries (2007), is a low-growing aromatic represent apply fresh or dried for seasoning, for its healthful properties. A common disport of Filipinos is their persuadable character.Nowadays, beca apply of the herb thing being shown in TV commercials and informative shows, many ar get-go to notice herbs and their useful properties for wellness purposes. Due to this increase interest of Filipinos on herbs, the inquiryer chose to sockledge rough it only when limited the topic to Filipino adolescents (ages14-19) view on herbs. The police detective is a teen herself. She wants to hunch if people her age hurl a common view and response on the subject matter. This is the main reason she limited the responsives to just Filipino teens rather than the whole age range of Filipino citizens. conditional relation of the Study Studying the perspective of the young on herbs batch expediency a fold of people. If proved that a larger part of the group would tole rove a positive view on the use of herbs, meaning they be genuinely open to the use of herbs, then in that location would be possibility that this development weed convince (a) foreign and local anaesthetic investors to invest in herb businesses in the Philippines (b) the government to come forth to a ampleer extent herbal products for the poor and/or to support Filipino entrepreneurs who be into herb business and (c) the medical detectives to study this topic on herbs further.This study is interesting because herbs are in vogue today. Fil ipinos are now into herbal use and medication. galore(postnominal) herbal commodities are coming bring appear in the market. This study, likewise, buns go through a hand in the prevailing knowledge of Modern Filipino lifestyles and Filipino Culture. It can withal contribute to the studies of the looks of Filipinos on herbal products. It can negate or verify the hearsays that most Filipinos are utilise herbal commodities in their e precise(prenominal) day life. Statement of the ProblemTeens are ordaining to use herbs, a acclivitous trend in the world, for their health and body care for reasons that their environment they have grown up influenced them and that the effects of their daily experiences as well affects their behavior. Objectives of the Study This study intends to Enable glance overers to know to the highest degree the Filipino Teen-agers stance on the use of herbs for daily financial backing. Have knowledge of the agentive roles that lead Filipino Teen -agers to be convinced or discouraged to use herbs. Enhance peoples awareness on the issue of herbal use. overhaul in foreseeing the undesirable consequences of the use of herbs. Encourage enquiryers to explore further the topic and research on the otherwise applications of herbs. Help in the economical environment of the Philippines. Review of Related Literature And God tell, Behold, I have fathern you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed to you it shall be for meatand toeverythingwherein in that location is life, I have given every green herb for meat and it was so, stated in Genesis 1 29, 30.There are a number of texts in the account book that can be references to the peoples use of herbs in that time. The supra text is one of them. Herminia de Guzman-Ladion interpreted this text from the Bible. She verbalize in her book Healing Wonder of Herbs that herbs were utilize in Gods di etary plan for man and His creatures (de Guzman-Ladion, 1985). This is an example of how people of the positive slipway in apply herbs. There can be a conclusion that man, in the time when the Bible had been written, already believed in the good effect of the use of herbs for their daily living.As a relation to this, Winston J. Craig (1996) said in his article Herbs in the March-April 1996 issue of wellness & Home Magazine that a number of herbal products (plants) have been found to be beneficial for peoples health (Craig, 1996). Yes, herbal plants can be very useful for a persons health but cautions must be harborn. In the article Herbal Supplements in the same issue of the same magazine, The mayo Clinic (1996) asserted that lack of scientific basis doesnt mean all herbs are hazardous for anyone, but winning them is uncertain (The Mayo Clinic, 1996).As a result of the herbs popity caused by declarations or overstated bits of scientific evidence, people are spending one milli on millions a year for herbal remedies. These herbs are selling like hotcakes and promise to rear ones well-being inherently (The Mayo Clinic, 1996). An example of the popularity of herbs is the analyze assessed by the initiation Health Organization. The result of the said wad is it revealed 65% 80% of the worlds population uses traditional medicament as their principal method of health care (Drew, 1997). (Herbal use is a part of the traditional medicine. This survey like the surveys of the SWS has shown that not only Filipinos use herbs but excessively a lot in the world. Herbs are very useful, especially for helping cure diseases. Dr. Gerard Penecilla, a Filipino pharmaceutical scientist, found step up that that 2 herbal plants, banaba and tsaang-gubat, found out that these plants contain ingredients that can fight the growth and multiplication of cancer cells. (Herbs, 2003) Many Filipinos like him want to expand and explore the applications of herbs in the scientific know ledge.Former acting health secretaire Jaime Galvez Tan said, if only we could establish to a greater extent herbal processing plants (in the Philippines), importing expensive drugs and medicines leave amaze a thing in the past. (Filipinos, 1996) If only what Mr. Tans hope would happen, there would be more convenient medicines for the less fortunate. Medicines would be affordable that people would not experience the anxiousness they feel whenever there is someone stricken by viral diseases in their families. This could happen in the near future but there are still no implications that studies are already closer today than yesterday.Methodology The researchers topic is near the behavior of Filipino teens on the use of herbs or health and body care. The most appropriate way to address this matter is by the method of a survey. Though it is very expensive and time-consuming, a survey would tell the concrete ideas of the participants regarding the topic. Besides from surveys, the res earcher will research about existing data from the different libraries near her home. This would help her in proving or negating her interview results. This would also proffer a breach under cubicleing(a) of the subject matter. ParticipantsAbout 20 Filipino teen-age students (ages 14-19), living or perusal in Pampanga preferably in the cities of San Fernando and Angeles, will be interviewed. This age range is very suitable for the study because the younger generation is very prone to technological and scientific changes. They have the readiness to adapt in much(prenominal) changes, yet they can be instruments to promote or obliterate these alterations. These made them a very suitable group in studying the above concern. They should be knowledgeable of the subject matter and can give critical answers to questions raised to them. ProcedureThe researcher will conduct surveys with the participants. Before she will puzzle the discussion, the researcher will request for the particip ants permission to answer the questions in her study and will guarantee the participant that his or her private identity will not be specified in the report. The researcher will explain beforehand the purpose and goals of her study. Then, she will hand to the participant the survey questionnaire and the respondent will answer them with his or her own opinion and idea about the matter as the researcher will explain some details in the questionnaire that the participant is confused of.The survey will take place in the school or home of the participant and will last not more than 10-20 minutes. After the dialogues, the researcher will give her utmost gratitude to the participant for lending his or her time and overlap his or her views. All the data will be summed up and run through. The researcher will give a particular consideration to the outlook of the participants on herbal use. Related studies and literatures collected will be used in analyzing the data. They will be added to sup port or refute the present study.Common scenarios will be pointed out and elaborated. Outline Thesis Statement Teens are willing to use herbs, a rising trend in the world, for their health and body care for reasons that their environment they have grown up influenced them and that the effects of their daily experiences also affects their behavior. I. There is a rising trend of the use of herbal products and medicine in the world. A. The past world was using herbs for centuries. 1. Man and plant are complementing one another. 2. Chinese herbology is the most popular use of herbs in the world. . The Greek physicians collected and bring down medicinal plants and their extracts for various illnesses. 4. Writings of Egyptians containing plants for the cure of diseases were found. B. The need and trend for herbal products and medicines were reflected on certain economic issues of different countries. 1. Germany imports medicinal plants for its peoples use. 2. The herbal market is growi ng in the fall in States. 3. Asia exports a lot of herbal plants such(prenominal) as In outwearesias Jamu and Koreas Ginseng. 4. Canada consumes a lot herbal medicines for their health. 5.Japan will work to place supplements as foods sort of of drugs. C. Studies and surveys were conducted to prove the popularity and effectiveness of herbal products, medicines and supplements. 1. The world Health Organization estimated 80% of people in the world use herbal medicines. 2. Unity Maketing, Business Communication Company and National Marketing Institute researched distributively the herbal market. 3. The dietary supplements sales on the internet reached $40 million in 1998. 4. Supplement companies have united to increase research and education on supplements. 5.The PCCARD revives herbal use for their services. 6. An SWS survey showed that the Filipinos are using herbal medicines to cure illnesses. II. The environment where the teens are growing up is the primary factor for their posit ive stead in using herbs. A. The familys lifestyle takes part in their behaviors. 1. Beliefs and practices regarding folk medicine were handed down from ancestors. 2. secure and natural medications are now of primary concern. B. Friends are the one of the best source of information. C. Media is also a factor. 1. nigh teenagers engage with media everyday. . Television ads on herbal products are aired. 3. Teens are reading a lot of publications and browsing the web in this stage of their growth. 4. Artists have been endorsing herbal teas and organic products. III. Another factor that affects their behavior is effects of their daily experiences. A. The increasing pollution in the teens society becomes disturbing. B. The teens lack of exercise adds to their need for an present moment remedy to maintain good status of their health. C. Stress is very usual to students. I. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY The foundings ViewBefore, man used plants in two ways. First, plants were used in religious rituals and ceremonies. They were thought to be divinatory agents. Through offering plants, people believed that gods can hear and interact with them. They also believed that this is a way to please the gods. The second way is the medical use of plants. There are illnesses that are believed to be treatable by plants. These diseases included mental illnesses, diarrhea, worm infection, lung diseases, and diabetes. Plants were known to be the medical folklore of people. They were used for centuries (Lisca, 2000).In their introduction in Medical flora plants modify mans health, Walter and Memory Lewis (1977) stated that Mans selection has been dependent on his innate curiosity, his desire to examine by trial and error all aspects of his environment, and to conclude, for example, which materials are remedial, which ones are harmful and which give him the greatest nourishment (Lewis, 1977). China is very popular with its great share to acquisition. In the Chinese History, the legend ary Empereor Shen Nung put together the Pen Tsao where he rated 365 herbs as superior, fairish or inferior (Modell, 1980).At present, herbology and acupuncture blended with cosmopolitan medicine form the new Chinese medicine which Chinese are proud of because of its therapies and concepts that treat men as a whole entity (Lewis, 1977). In the Ancient Greece, medicinal plants were also used to cure diseases. Some great physicians like Hippocrates, gathered and prescribed drugs that contain herbs and medicinal plants (Modell, 1980). In Ancient Egypt, the Papyrus Ebers, an ancient text (1500 B. C. ) containing 700 herbal remedies, showed how skilled the Egyptians were in use of herbal medicines (Herbs, 2005).Not only in the ancient world are herbs used, but also in the present world. Plants do not only benefit our health but they also benefit the economical growth of a country. People are now having interest on using herbal products. This could have been the main reason for the growin g interest on the herbal market. Countries such as Germany, France, Sweden, and Australia are now on the course of licensing herbal remedies. The European Commission had made a draft directional in licensing herbal preparations where in these herbal products will be given licenses if they passed the procedures in assessing their quality and synthetic rubber (De Smet, 2002).Germany is the home of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. But it is also the biggest importer and consumer of medicinal plants. An example of the Germans extensive use of herbal products is the high priced herbal laxatives. These laxatives cost 10 times more than pharmaceutical chemical laxatives (Escobar, Economic). In the United States, 60 million Americans used herbs in 1996, accounting $3. 24billion in sales. The US herbal market see unprecedented growth as herbal medicine sales increased by 59% in 1997 (Miller, 1998). Dr.Herbert Loveless expected the US herbal market to reach $6 to $8 billi on in 1998 with an annual growth rate of 25% (US, 1999). Now, the annual sale of drugs from plants is $10 billion. Investigations on new uses of plant-derived drugs are also growing. There are more than 200 organizations are experimenting and researching on plants today (Lisca, 2000). Asia has been the largest exporter of herbal products and supplements. match to Vicenta M. Escobar, Pharm. D. , Indonesia uses Jamu and Korea uses Ginseng. Both also created export markets for their herbal products (Escobar, Economic).Governments also help in the use of herbal medicines and products. The Canadian government allocated $10 million to establish a natural product organization in response to the growing public demand for herbs and dietary supplements in Canada (Canada, 1999). Also, over 1700 retail outlets, with an estimation of $680 million annual retail sales, are classified as health food stores or supplements/ nutrition stores there (Schleich, Herbal). In Japan, the government will wor k for a reclassification of vitamins, minerals, herbs, and other dietary supplements as food rather of drugs (Japan, 1999).Aside from the government, various groups and companies do research for the development of the knowledge and use of herbs. As said by the World Health Organization, 80% of people world colossal are depending on herbal medicines for their healthcare because of the increasing cost of prescription medicines and the interest to go back to the natural remedies (Hart, 2002). The unity Marketing reported that doctors were the consumers best source of credible information on vitamins and herbs, followed by publications, product labels, and friends. consort to the Business communications Company, there is an expected increase in the amount of botanical raw materials at a rate of 9. 7% annually through 2004. National Marketing Institute noted that in the next fiver years, the biggest sellers would be products that assist the immune system, followed by stress reducers an d cognitive enhancers (Market, 2000). As stated by the sustainment Business Journal, a $40 million supplement sales was reached on the internet in 1998 (Online, 1999). The incorporate Alliance for Integrative Medicine, composed of 10 major supplement companies, will focus on research programs at major American Universities.It also aims to develop programs for medical professionals and consumers (Industry, 1998). In the Philippines, the PCCARD, or the Philippine Council for horticulture Resource Research and Development, is reviving the use of herbs and medicinal plants for health care services. They encourage people by imposing simple instructions on how to grow these plants and listing the ailments that can be cured by these medical plants and herbs (Filipinos, 2008). There had been a study conducted by the Social Weather Station (SWS) in 1994.It give away that 78% of Filipinos were making use of herbal medicines to cure different kinds of common ailments (Filipinos, 1996). A p revious survey presented that 66 of Filipinos are availing themselves of local herbs or medicinal plants when suffering from various illness or tenderness (Filipinos, 1996). These surveys show that, even before, there is an existing knowledge of the Filipino behavior on the subject of herbs. The Filipino Teenagers view The word herbs is a common word heard from the conversation of most adults. They know a lot about it and its great contribution to the society.But does the next generation know about it? The researcher wants to know the answer to this question. In her survey, she asked if the respondents know anything about herbs and its so-called natural develop powers. The teenagers response was not surprising. 90% (18 out of 20) confirmed that they knew about it. Some of the respondents views were They are plants. Some of them have soft stems and can be used in cooking, medicine and cosmetics. I go overed many herbal medicines in our botany class. And well, (maybe because) Im t aking up Pharmacy. -Female, 17 Herbs are medicinal plants.They contain minerals that are proven to be effective by science. Female, 17 The Filipino family is the family wherein each member is very much influenced by the culture, precepts and practices of the family. Their lifestyle would have a great part in each members disposition and views. In the survey 100% of the respondents affirmed that their families are knowledgeable on herbs. 85% (17 out of 20) of the respondents sham their families believe in the natural healing powers of herbs, 10 %( 2 out of 20) answered their families wouldnt believe, and 5% (1 out of 20) didnt respond to the question. 0% (14 out of 20) of the respondents stated that their families use herbs, 25% (5 out of 20) stated that their families are not using herbs, and 5% (1 out of 20) didnt respond to the question. Philippine culture is rich with beliefs and practices in folk medicine. A lot of them are still passed on from generation to generation. On e of them is the belief of the herbolarios (albularyo) capacity to cure different illnesses. From the encyclopedia of Philippine Folk Beliefs and Customs of Fr. Francisco Demetrio, S. J. , a herbolario is called as such because he uses herbs or some kind of grass in curing the sick (Demetrio, 1991).But this belief was not very much seen on the survey. Only 40% (8 out of 20) stated that their family consulted a herbolario at least once, 35% (7 out of 20) said no, and 25% (5 out of 20) were uncertain. Many families use herbs for it is natural and safe. According to the survey, 65% (13 out of 20) said that their families use herbs due(p) to its natural properties and 55% (11 out of 20) said their families use herbs due to its safer properties than synthetic drugs. Aside from the families, the next factor that builds the personality of a teenager is his/ her friends. They are with him or her most of the time in this stage of his or her life.Thus, they converse a lot of different topics which makes the friends factor one of the primary sources of information. There had been a 50-50 result on the survey regarding the teens conversations with their friends about herbs. 50% of the respondents said that they had conversed about herbs with their friends and the other 50% said they did not. 60% (12 out of 20) of them presumed that their friends believe in herbs natural healing powers, 10% (2 out of 20) didnt believe so, and the others did not respond to the question. Teenagers engage with media, such as television, internet, radio, magazines and newspapers, everyday.It is also a source of information where they can be knowledgeable of things easily. 90% (18 out of 20) of the respondents said that they know television advertisements of some herbal products, supplements, and medicines. 80% (16 out of 20) of them stated that they have read articles talking about herbs/ herbal products in some publications and over the net. 85% (17 out of 20) of them said that they know so me local and foreign artists who endorse herbal products. But only 10% (2 out of 20) of participants believed these artists use the products they endorse and 45% (9 out of 20) supposed these artists do not use the products they endorse.Pollution is brought about by the advancing engine room today. Smokes from cars and other pollutants are everywhere. With this, most teenagers are alarmed for its harmful effects to their health and to the society. 65% (13 out of 20) of the respondents stated that they are trustworthyly alarmed of the danger of their health brought about by pollution. 55% (11 out of 20) of respondents said that herbs can help them be protected against pollution. A problem that also bothers the teenagers is their lack of exercise. 85% (17 out of 20) of them said that they dont exercise regularly. 0% (8 out of 20) of them think that taking herbal remedies can help in maintaining a good status of their health, 25% (5 out of 20) of them said they dont think so, and 35% (7 out of 20) of them are neutral about it. The respondents are also students. Most of them are stressed out and tired of school works and activities. But only 30% (6 out of 20) of them think that herbs can help them relieve stress and tiredness, 15% (3 out of 20) dont think so, and 55% (11 out of 20), the absolute majority, are neutral about it. 5% (13 out of 20) of the respondents said that they prefer to use herbals due to their natural and safer properties than taking synthetic drugs. 75% (15 out of 20) stated that they are not taking herbs at present and 65% (13 out of 20) of the respondents said they are planning to use it in the future. II. result AND RECOMMENDATION Teenage life is the stage of a persons learning of the society and growth of personality through culture and environment. It is affected by different factors in which the attitudes and behaviors of the teenagers are being work upon.At present, the world is already in the stage wherein technology is advancing fa st and the teenagers have the capacity to adapt in such changes, yet they can be instruments in promoting or obliterating these alterations. But lowlife these technological and scientific changes, the use of herbs has still been a major notion. Practical living is the system of living the society mostly needs now due to such changes that greatly affect the peoples daily living. And one practical way is to use herbal remedies for its safer properties but cheaper price than synthetic drugs.The world, since the ancient times, uses herbs as medicinal cures for different diseases. Writings in the Ancients China, Greece, and Egypt of the use of herbs as remedies have been found. Presently, many countries, such as Germany and the United States of America, are extensively using herbal products and remedies. They have been researching and finding ways on how to prove and further enhance the healing ingredients of herbs. In the Philippines, programs and seminars were held by the government in encouraging Filipino families to grow medicinal plants and herbs and, therefore, use them for health and care purposes.Now, considering that Filipinos have a persuadable character and the economic crisis happening in the Philippines, it is likely possible that they would use medicinal plants and herbs in attending to their healthcare services. And because the Filipino family is the family wherein each member is very much influenced by the culture, beliefs and practices of the family, it is possible that the Filipino teenagers attitudes towards the use of herbs are mostly affected by their families. The survey has shown that majority of the respondents families are knowledgeable and using herbs.They also believe in the natural healing powers of herbs. Aside from their families, the respondents friends and daily engagement with media affected their attitudes towards using herbs. It has been shown in the survey that majority of the respondents assumed that their friends are believin g in the natural healing powers of herbs and affirmed that they have watched commercial advertisements and read articles talking about the positive results in using herbs for healthcare. Other minor factors affecting the teenagers behavior in using herbs are pollution, stress and their lack of exercise.As revealed in the survey, majority of the respondents affirmed that using herbs can help them be protected from the harmful effects of pollution, be relieved from stress and tiredness, and maintain a good status of their health. Clearly, Filipino teenagers accepted the concept of herb in their daily living due to the influences and knowledge from their families, their friends, their experiences, and the media. Most of them are already conscious of their health that they are also considering the use of herbs for their health and body care.But still, some are not yet greatly bothered by it or concerned on the possible benefits or consequences they can get from using it. But because of what they hear and learn about it, they are, somewhat, expressing their interest on the subject matter. The research has shown how some of the Filipino teenagers address the issue of herbs for health and body care. But due to the limited time given and a small sample coat used for the said research, the researchers does not recommend her research to be used in basing the whole standing of the Filipino Teenagers on the issue.It is not suitable because, aside from being small to be relied on, the sample used in the survey consists of students, either living or studying in the cities of Angeles and San Fernando in Pampanga. It would have been unwrap if a larger sample size consisting of both literate and illiterate teenagers from different parts of the Philippines should be used. But time and money has been very limited so the researcher opted to use the present sample. The researcher also recommends that if another research will be based from the said research, a wider range of fact ors should be taken into notice.Aside from the factors used, other factors affecting Filipino teenagers attitudes and behaviors should be studied and pointed out. A wider range of factors would significantly help in showing the nature of general stand of the Filipino teenagers regarding the issue. Survey and library research are the two methods used in accomplishing the present research. These two methods are the most appropriate methods to be used because of the limited time given. But if time will not be a great consideration, the researcher recommends that the method of interviewing should be used instead of conducting a survey.The interview method would really reveal, in details, how Filipino teenagers address the issue of using herbs for health care purposes. It would greatly help in identifying the stand of the Filipino teenagers on the matter. But using this method would be very time-consuming and money-spending. Man and plant really cannot live without the other. They coex ist in this world to benefit one another. References Canada forms new federal natural products organization. (June 1999). Natural foods merchandiser. 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